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The influence of sea-level change and geologic structure on cave development in west-central Florida

The influence of sea-level change and geologic structure on cave development in west-central Florida
Carbonate dissolution ; Carbonate rock ; Cave development ; Florida ; Karst ; Karst filling ; Sea level ; Tectonics ; United States ; Vertical movement
The formation of caves in a portion of Citrus County, Florida is controlled structurally by northwest-southeast-trending joints that formed in the Suwannee Limestone during the uplift of Ocala Arch in the Miocene Epoch. The caves developed in a zone
where saline water from the Gulf of Mexico and fresh water from the Ocala uplift mixed. Further uplift elevated the caves above the mixing zone. Erosion caused sections of caves passages to collapse and/or be filled with sediment. The caves are fossil
segments of a formerly larger, interconnected cave system.

Palaeolithic stratigraphy of Sodmein Cave (Red Sea Mountains, Egypt)

Palaeolithic stratigraphy of Sodmein Cave (Red Sea Mountains, Egypt)
Archaeology ; Archeological site ; Cave ; Egypt ; Geomorphology ; Palaeogeography ; Palaeolithic ; Stratigraphy
Cave. - (H.N.).

Late Holocene widening of karst voids by marine processes in partially submerged coastal caves (Northeastern Adriatic Sea)

Late Holocene widening of karst voids by marine processes in partially submerged coastal caves (Northeastern Adriatic Sea)
Adriatic Sea ; Applied geomorphology ; Cave ; Coastal geomorphology ; Collapse structures ; Croatia ; Holocene ; Italy ; Karst ; Limestone ; Marine abrasion ; Sea level
The coastal scenery of the Northeastern Adriatic sea is widely interested by caves and related coastal features, which are developed in correspondence of geological weaknesses of sea cliffs. We present the preliminary surveying of five partially
submerged coastal caves cut in limestone cliffs, relating the dissolutionally widened vadose karst voids and the present-day forms. The analysis pointed out two well-defined morphological zones inside the caves. The boundary between the zones roughly
coincides with the mean sea level. The submerged zone is mainly affected by abrasion processes on the bottom and the lateral walls, while the emerged zone is interested by karst processes and collapse of blocks from the roof. Their effects produce a bell
-shaped cross-section, in which the submerged part of the caves is significantly larger than the emerged one. - (NF)

Last interglacial sea levels and coastal caves in the Cape Province, South Africa

Last interglacial sea levels and coastal caves in the Cape Province, South Africa
The dating of the 6 to m shoreline in southern Africa as early Pleistocene prompted a reassessment of evidence from archaeological cave sites on the south coast of the Cape Province which had suggested that this shoreline is of last interglacial age
. The successions in the caves at Klasies River Mouth and Die Kelders have been misinterpreted. In fact, they confirm a pre-last interglacial age for this feature. These sites, together with Herolds Bay Cave, indicate that in southern Africa the only last
interglacial shoreline above present sea level is at about 4 m, and that it dates from isotope substage 5.

Rapid entrenchment of stream profiles in the salt caves of Mount Sedom, Israel

Rapid entrenchment of stream profiles in the salt caves of Mount Sedom, Israel
Arid area ; C 14 dating ; Dead Sea ; Diapir ; Fluvial erosion ; Groundwater ; Holocene ; Israel ; Karst ; Longitudinal section ; Rift ; Salt ; Stream
This paper focuses on downcutting rates and stream profile development measured in rock salt cave stream passages in the Mount Sedom salt diapir, Dead Sea rift valley, Israel. Although the area is very arid, the diapir contains extensive karst

The flank margin model for dissolution cave development in carbonate platforms

The flank margin model for dissolution cave development in carbonate platforms
The flank margin model presented here invokes a water-mixing mechanism to explain rapid development of caves of unusual morphology in the Bahama Islands. The mixing of discharging freshwater with tide-pulsed incoming marine water under the flank
of emergent dune ridges may have produced the conditions necessary. Freshwater lens position is controlled by sea level, which in stable carbonate platforms like the Bahamas is a function of glacioeustatic sea level still stands.

Abráziós barlangok kialakulása és formakincse különböző kőzetszerkezetű bazaltlávákban és piroklasztitokban

Basalt ; Cave ; Coastal environment ; Marine erosion ; Pyroclastic ; Volcanic rock ; Volcanism
Also influenced by marine erosion, the dimensions and morphology of sea caves principally depend on the structural behaviour of the enclosing basaltic lavas and pyroclastics. In basalt volcanic areas sea caves can form in columnar and irregularly
; in basaltic dyke; along the border of a basaltic dyke and thick hydrovolcanic tuff and in basaltic tuff. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that how and in which form sea caves develop in structurally different basaltic lavas and pyroclastics. - (AM)

Cathedral Cave, Wellington Caves, New South Wales, Australia. A multiphase, non-fluvial cave

Cathedral Cave, Wellington Caves, New South Wales, Australia. A multiphase, non-fluvial cave
Australia ; Cave ; Geomorphology ; Inventory ; Karst ; Karstification ; New South Wales ; Palaeokarst ; Stratigraphy
Cathedral Cave is an outstanding example of a class of multiphase caves with largely non-fluvial origins. It is possible to recognize at least 10 significant phases of speleogenesis by morphostratigraphy, in addition to the 4 generations of cave
-filling palaeokarst deposits intersected by the cave. The cave we see today results from the progressive integration of a number of previously disconnected or poorly connected solution cavities.

Constraining Holocene sea levels using U-Th ages of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems from coastal caves in Mallorca (Western Mediterranean)

Constraining Holocene sea levels using U-Th ages of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems from coastal caves in Mallorca (Western Mediterranean)
Baleares ; Cave ; Coastal environment ; Holocene ; Mallorca ; Palaeo-environment ; Sea level ; Spain ; Speleothem ; Th/U dating
are in accord with an archaeologically estimated age for a drowned prehistoric construction at a depth of 1 m below current sea level in a cave from the same area. Speleothem δ13C and δ18O and chemical composition of cave pools provide supportive evidence
The U-Th ages of calcite and aragonite overgrowths collected from the modern water table in coastal caves on Mallorca (Cova de Cala Varques A and Cova des Pas de Vallgornera) were determined using high-precision MC-ICPMS techniques. The results

Formation of phreatic caves in an eogenetic karst aquifer by CO2 enrichment at lower water tables and subsequent flooding by sea level rise

Formation of phreatic caves in an eogenetic karst aquifer by CO2 enrichment at lower water tables and subsequent flooding by sea level rise
most likely formed at lower water tables during lower sea levels. Consideration of the hydrological and geochemical constraints posed by the upper Floridan aquifer leads to the conclusion that cave formation was most likely driven by dissolution
Analyzing morphological data and water chemistry from caves in the Suwannee River Basin in north-central Florida and water chemistry from wells in the central Florida carbonate platform indicates that phreatic caves within the Suwannee River Basin
of vadose CO2 gas into the groundwater. Phreatic caves in the Suwannee River Basin are thus relict and have no causal relationship with modern surficial drainage systems. Dissolution at water tables, potentially driven by vadose CO2 gas, offers

Sequence of sediments at Locality 1 in Zhoukoudian and correlation with loess stratigraphy in northern China and with the chronology of deep-sea cores

Sequence of sediments at Locality 1 in Zhoukoudian and correlation with loess stratigraphy in northern China and with the chronology of deep-sea cores
According to recent dating by several methods, the impressive cave sediments at Locality 1 at Zhoukoudian, about 40 m thick, have not only allowed the age of Peking Man to be established, but have calibrated the general course of cave development
, permitted correlation with events both within China and farther afield, and placed the sequence in the global framework of late Cenozoic climatic change. The cave deposits can be divided into 17 layers which are correlated with the great loess sequences (L9
-L4) in China and with deep-sea-core oxygen-isotope stages 16-6. The 14th layer upward (730,000-230,000 yr B.P.) represents at least four glacial cycles.

Effect of the 2004 Asian tsunami in the sea cave of Tham Phaya Nak (Koh Phi Phi archipelago, Thailand) and possible evidence of a prehistoric event

Effect of the 2004 Asian tsunami in the sea cave of Tham Phaya Nak (Koh Phi Phi archipelago, Thailand) and possible evidence of a prehistoric event
Archipelago ; Coastal environment ; Coral reef ; Impact ; Karst ; Sea cave ; Sediment transport ; Speleothem ; Thailand ; Tsunami
. Limestone cliffs of Koh Phi Islands and the marine cave of Phi Phi Leh have been poorly affected, but a prehistoric-event has provoked the deposit of a layer of coral fragments into the cave. This damage could be attributed to a tsunami but a storm cannot

Eogenetic caves in Pleistocene carbonate in Slovenia

Eogenetic caves in Pleistocene carbonate in Slovenia
Cave ; Cave development ; Classification ; Conglomerate ; Diagenesis ; Karst ; Pleistocene ; Slovenia ; Speleology
This paper focuses on caves in Pleistocene carbonate conglomerates in Slovenia and for the first time defines them as eogenetic. The conglomerates show no deep burial that would resemble the mezogenetic stage of diagenesis and are still in the phase
of early diagenesis (i.e. eogenetic stage). Based on speleological analysis the eogenetic caves were grouped into four types; (1) linear stream caves, (2) shelter caves, (3) breakdown caves, and (4) vadose shafts. - (IKR)

Jeskyne a propasti v Ceskoslovensku.. (Caves and chasms in Czechoslovakia)

Jeskyne a propasti v Ceskoslovensku.. (Caves and chasms in Czechoslovakia)
Distribution of karst, features, karst regions, chasms and caves in Czechoslovakia, including the show caves. Czechoslovak speleology, protection of caves and other karst features in Czechoslovakia. (MS).

A new history of cave development at Bungonia, N.S.W.

A new history of cave development at Bungonia, N.S.W.
This paper presents a new developmental history of Bungonia caves based on cave morphology, clastic sediments in the caves and geological observations in the caves and their surroundings. Karst development at Bungonia can be traced back to at least

Magnetostratigraphy of cave sediments, Wyandotte Ridge, Crawford County, Indiana: towards a regional correlation

Magnetostratigraphy of cave sediments, Wyandotte Ridge, Crawford County, Indiana: towards a regional correlation
Cave ; Geochronology ; Indiana ; Kentucky ; Palaeomagnetism ; Polarization ; Stratigraphic correlation ; Stratigraphy ; United States
The polarity of 42 sediment samples obtained from 21 sites in Wyandotte Cave and five smaller satellite caves in Wyandotte Ridge, southern Indiana, is used as a basis for a magnetostratigraphic correlation with sediments in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.

Punkva a jeji jeskynni systém v Amatérské jeskyni.. (Punkva River and its cave system of Amateur Cave)

Punkva a jeji jeskynni systém v Amatérské jeskyni.. (Punkva River and its cave system of Amateur Cave)
The newly discovered cave system of the Punkva River in the Moravian Karst offered favourable conditions for the study of its relations to the environment. The Amateur Cave belongs to the longest in Europe and enables to complete the hydrogeological

Brezstropa jama v Podbojeven lazu, Rakov Škocjan

Cave ; Cave development ; Erosion ; Karst ; Slovenia
The paper presents a denuded cave in the area of Podbojev laz, on the NW side of the Rakov Škocjan. The morphological properties of several sections of the denuded cave and its surroundings are described. It developed from an epiphreatic cave system
which used to function as an outflow cave system from the Rak valley. Morphometrical analysis of the slopes show that the denuded cave was developed in stages. As the surrounding surface is not flattened, the cave roof has been denuded gradually. - (L'A.).

Cave development under the influence of Pleistocene glaciation in the Dinarides - an example from Štirovača Ice Cave (Velebit Mt., Croatia)

Cave development under the influence of Pleistocene glaciation in the Dinarides - an example from Štirovača Ice Cave (Velebit Mt., Croatia)
Cave development ; Croatia ; Glacial features ; Glaciation ; Karst ; Karstification ; Palaeo-environment ; Pleistocene ; Records
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Pleistocene glaciations on the speleogenesis of Štirovača Ice Cave, based on analyses of surface and cave morphology and of cave sediments, since it is well known that caves, and particularly clastic
sediments in caves, contain abundant information on speleogenesis and on the conditions of karstification. The AA. assume that Štirovača Ice Cave represents an important archive in regard to tha glacial history of the Velebit Mt.

Magyarirszag barlangjai.. (Caves of Hungary)

Magyarirszag barlangjai.. (Caves of Hungary)
There are almost 2000 caves in Hungary. The first part of the volume reviews the history of their exploration and the second presents the major caves, their origin, description of passages, geographical environment and touristic importance. The book

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