This article indicates the quantitative tools, with assistance of which it is possible to characterize the morphology (shape) of the valley network and determine their variability caused by the scale change. The monitored morphometric
characteristics (quantitative tools) have been applied to the paradigmatic examples of the schematic valley networks and have been analyzed in three scales. In order to analyze the valley networks, the most suitable are “valley junction angles” and “homogeneity
of various order valleys”, where the relevant values dropped while increasing the scale, but the normal (Gauss) distribution of values was preserved. - (EN)
The scale in the mathematical modelling of geoecosystems
Concept ; Ecosystem ; Geo-ecology ; Geosystem ; Mathematical model ; Methodology ; Model ; Spatial scale
The article presents methodological concepts and definitions as regards different scales, as well as their magnitudes in relation to the study and modelling of geoecosystems. The particular subject being considered is the geoecosystem
, in the context of all the geochemical, geomorphological and hydrological processes ongoing on different scales, as dependent on the tempero-spatial conceptualisation taking account of the size and heterogeneity of features thereof. Spatial scale is defined after
This paper presents a synthesis of results obtained during 3 experiments conducted using the same methodology for comparable contexts at various spatial scales but for short events. The unique methodology, the experimental control on factors
affecting erosion and the range of scales over 2 orders of magnitude permit to investigate the sensivity of the parameters of a sediment transport equation to spatial scale transfer. The results will show the possibility of using a relation calibrated
for a small scale experimental plot on a larger scale agricultural field under specific conditions.
Same land cover, same land use at the large scale, different landscapes at the small scale : landscape change in olive plantations on Lesvos Island, Greece : Special section : Landscape change and regional identity
Agricultural landscape change at the small scale is studied to conceptualize the processes that change these landscapes according to the decisions that farmers make. The five-year differences in land cover, land use and landscape at the small scale
are studied in three dimensions: symbolic, productive and ecological. Understanding the dynamic diversity requires studying human interventions at the right scale, the one that corresponds to the scale of the changes at the farm.
Comparative study ; Gully erosion ; Land use ; Lithology ; Scale ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Spatial scale ; Water erosion ; Watershed
Gully erosion plays a particular role in rapid and extreme erosion processes. Research at regional, catchment and gully scale may have different objectives. The main aim of the paper is to compare methods from the local to regional scale. Three case
studies are presented. The results suggest the following statements to be made. At local scale the processes are determined by gully morphology, material and energy transport as well as by soil properties. The topographical and lithological factors
parallel with land use have growing importance with the decreasing scale. - (AM)
Diurnal and inter-diurnal variations in large-scale atmospheric turbulence over southern Africa
An examination of regional, seasonal diurnal and inter-diurnal wind variabilities in southern Africa. Mesoscale effects are dominant over those of synoptic scale in the generation of large scale turbulence in the boundary layer. - (AJC)
Méthode pour analyser les raisons de la mobilité résidentielle à travers l'attractivité. Multidimensional Scaling des préférences à partir d'une enquête menée à Hamilton (Canada). La pondération des critères varie avec le cycle de vie des familles.
Concept ; Geomorphology ; Instrumentation ; Periglacial features ; Research technique ; Scale ; Theory
The variety of periglacial environments, the variable nature of the spatial and temporal signals within periglacial environments, and the scale limitations inherent to instrumental investigations, all combine to focus attention on small-scale
geomorphological investigations. Integration of such findings, that is scale linkage, is a difficult, but essential task that requires development of rigorous theory.
The paper seeks to build upon insights suggesting that greater attention be given to extra-local connections in studies of innovation. The first part consists of a review of work on the three key scales of innovation. The second considers the role
of firms and individuals as key actors in systems of innovation, and suggests how network-based approaches may offer the best way for analysing how these actors operate through and across spatial scales.
Recent developments in large-scale water transfers in the USSR
Current status and future plans for large-scale water transfers in the USSR (European diversion projects and Siberian diversion projects)| account given by G. V. Voropaev, director of the Insitute of water problems in Moscow.
Incomplete experimental designs for multidimensional scaling in Proximity and preference. Problems in the multidimensional analysis of large data sets.
Scales of investigation in geomorphology: comment and reply
Polémique entre Church et Slaymaker, d'une part, et Mark, d'autre part, à propos d'un article de ce dernier On scales of investigation in geomorphology paru dans The Canadian Geographer, 1980, pp.81 et 82. (ALS).
At all scales, there are potential suites of interaction between system forms and processes, and thhe mechanisms of interaction are stressed in this article. At micro-scales, this interaction is formalized through the concept of morphodynamics
, and deterministic and probabilistic approaches are used to model sediment transport and landform development over time scales of hours to months and space scales of metres to kilometres. Meso-scale interactions are conceptualized using a sediment-budget approach
The AA. present a theory for the explanation of drainage density in terms of the physical processes present in the landscape. The basic length scaled is recognized as a point of transition between the stable smoothing effects of diffusive processes
at small scale and the unstable effects of concentrative processes, such as overland or open channel flow, at large scale. Since different scaling regimes exist below and above this transition point, the theory offers insight about this scaling.