Crafting a sense of place : media's use of the Bonneville Salt Flats
The Salt Flats, near the Utah-Nevada state line, are a scenic but chameleon-like landscape. Study identifies the factors that make the Salt Flats so appealing to filmmakers and to classify the types of places they create with it. The Salt Flats
Experimental frost and salt weathering of chalk-II
from either + 15 to - 10o C or + 15 to - 30o C. The results confirm that frost weathering can be enhanced by the presence of certain salts. Evidence is presented which suggests that salt crystallization is the major weathering process operative when non
-immersed samples are frozen but a combination of frost and salt weathering operates when fully immersed samples are frozen.
Sandstone response to salt weathering following simulated fire damage : a comparison of the effects of furnace heating and fire
Chemical erosion ; Derbyshire ; England ; Fire ; Geotechnics ; Salt ; Sandstone ; Simulation ; United Kingdom ; Weathering
, furnace heating or fire, frost and salt weathering). Block response to furnace heating and fire is discussed. Subsequent response to salt weathering is then monitored by weight loss.
Simulation of salt weathering in a closely replicated coastal environment
Cliff ; Coastal environment ; Electron microscope ; Limestone ; Salt ; Simulation ; Temperate zone ; United Kingdom ; Wales ; Weathering
This paper reports the results of a laboratory experiment designed to simulate salt weathering of hardrock coastal cliffs in a temperate climate (Swansea, Wales). SEM images demonstrate the development of incipient weathering zones
with characteristics specific to the type of salt solution used, a result that may have implications for the origins of larger-scale weathering features.
Salt fretting in the valley cliff of the Asama volcano region, Japan
On the pumice flow deposits of the Asana volcano, Japan, many salts such as halite, gypsum, hexahydrite and mirabilite crystallize at the base of south-facing valley cliffs. The zone of salt efflorescence and of resulting polygonal rind correspond
to the zones of notch formation and high water content. Given the right conditions, salt weathering can occur not only in the arid regions but also in humid, temperate inland regions.
Laboratory simulation of salt weathering processes in arid environments
The equipment and techniques being used at Bedford College, London to simulate salt weathering processes in deserts are described in the context of a general discussion of the nature of salt weathering processes and approaches to studying them
that are considered typical of hot deserts. The experiment, the first of a series, shows that NaSO is the most effective of the salts used, and that susceptibility of the rocks to weathering is related to such rock properties as porosity, microporosity and water
Soluble salts dynamics in the soil under different climatic conditions
Arid area ; Desertification ; Indicator ; Israel ; Limestone ; Mediterranean area ; Plant cover ; Salt ; Seasonal variation ; Semi-arid area ; Slope ; Soil degradation ; Soil erosion
The dynamics of soluble salts concentration in the soil was investigated at seven research stations in Israel that represent four climatic regions : Mediterranean, semi-arid, mildly arid and arid. Measurements were taken in different seasons from
soils that were developed on hillslopes, which are consisted of hard calcareous rocks. The relationship between the soluble salts content and rainfall was found to be non-linear.
Chemical erosion ; Climatic cycle ; Evaporation ; Model ; Porosity ; Salt ; Taffoni ; Weathering
Throughout the world, large caves in rocks (tafoni) are found, which originate from salt weathering. The growth of tafoni has been studied with a model that describes how a rock surface, containing a small pit, disintegrates by salt crystallization
during wetting/drying cycles. In the model the rock is mapped on a grid. The migration and crystallization of salts are simulated explicitly in the drying phase of a cycle. At the end of each wetting/drying cycle the amount of salt deposits at the grid
An automated salt-tracing gauge for flow-velocity measurement
Experimentation ; Rainfall simulation ; Research technique ; Runoff ; Salt ; Senegal ; Soil erosion ; Tracer
This article introduces the SVG (salt-velocity gauge), a novel automated technique for measuring flow velocity by means of salt tracing. Two implementations of the SVG technique are described : an outdoors simulated rainfall experiment in Senegal
Observations of three-dimensional salt distribution in building sandstone
Atmospheric pollution ; Building materials ; Geotechnics ; Porosity ; Salt ; Sandstone ; Urban area ; Weathering
Observations of three-dimensional salt distributions within 3 sandstone blocks after 120 years of exposure in an aggressive urban environment are presented, based on measurements of soluble ion concentrations. Results indicate a complex distribution
of sulphur and chloride, where distributions are not consistent between salt types, dictated by conditions at the 6 surfaces of the blocks. This highlights the dangers of extrapolating the results of salt weathering simulations with regard to salt
The study area is the Skallingen salt marsh in Jutland. The AA. specifically aim to identify the domain of scale over which vegetation pattern and process are detected on a salt marsh. Such identification will be achieved by 1) examining the species
of emerging novel theory that emphasizes scale-dependent complexity in salt marsh ecosystems.
Trends of soil organic matter turnover in the salt marsh of the Yangtze River estuary
China ; Estuary ; Geochemistry ; Grain size distribution ; Humid environment ; Isotope analysis ; Organic materials ; Salt marsh
Characteristics and tidal flat trends of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover were studied for the Chrongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary, based on analyses C 13, grain sizes and contents of particulate organic carbon, total
nitrogen and inorganic carbon for 3 cores excavated from high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and bare flat. The muddy tidal flat processes exerted direct influences on sequestration and turnover of SOM in the salt marsh, and had great constraints
on the spatial and temporal characteristics of SOM turnover of the Chrongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary.
The roles of salt (sodium nitrate) and fog in weathering : a laboratory simulation of conditions in the northern Atacam Desert, Chile
Arid area ; Chile ; Desert ; Experimentation ; Fog ; Salt ; Simulation ; Weathering
The AA. investigate interactions within a hyper-arid and hyper-saline weathering environment based on conditions observed in the Atacama Desert. The experimental design produced a matrix of 18 different weathering environments with 6 levels of salt
availability and 3 levels of fog precipitation. The experiment took place over an 11-week period. Collectively, the results indicate that fog appears to control the rate of breakdown and that salt availability controls the timing of the response. The style
of breakdown was similar, irrespective of the fog and salt levels. The morphological observations provide an experimental example of the role of inheritance in weathering processes.
Chemical textures on quartz grains : an experimental approach using salts
This paper demonstrates that chemical surface textures can be produced on quartz grain surfaces by saturated salt solutions in a short period of time and may prove to be representative of chemical surface textures produced in a saturated saline
Water, salt and sodium dynamics in a Natraquoll in Argentina
Study of the origin and dynamics of the solonetzes in the Flooding Pampa. This paper reports on the movement of water and salts from the water table, the mechanisms involved and their connection with environmental factors. The development of soil
Untersuchung der akustischen Emission bei Bruchvorgängen in Salzgesteinen. (Investigation of acoustic emission of failure process in salt rocks)
Following to a consideration on general problems of acoustic emission it is discussed, if it is possible to predict the failure moment of salt rocks under uniaxial loading. For this reason amplitudes and impulse rates of acoustic emission from
Fresh and salt groundwater in the Dutch coastal area in relation to geomorphological evolution
Historical sequences of encroaching seawater and recharge of fresh water under different geological and geomorphological conditions during the Quaternary are responsible for a rather complicated distribution of fresh and salt groundwater
Spezielle Probleme des Wasserschutzes im Salinarbergbau. (Special problems of water protection in salt mining areas)
On the basis of a physico-chemical model of dissolution and leaching of salt rocks, an attempt is made to show some important problems and to propose ways of solution. (HL).
Untersuchungen zur Dynamik geogen Bedingter Salzkontaminationen an Vertikalfilterbrunnen. (Investigation on the dynamics of salt contamination of vertical filter wells)
Starting from the increasing importance of fresh and salt water contact problems for water supply and draining in opencast mining the present paper describes the hydrogeological situations causing jeopardy by salinization of pumped groundwater. (HL).
Rock block monitoring of rapid salt weathering in southern Tunisia
Rectangular blocks of York Stone and of concrete placed on a sodium chloride sabkha in southern Tunisia for six years suffered very severe breakdown, thereby indicating the power of salt weathering as a process in sebkha environments.