Relating aerial erosion, soil erosion and sub-soil erosion to the evolution of Lunan Stone forest, China
Stone forest is a unique karst landform with a complex evolution process. This paper will focus on stone pillars, the basic component of stone forest, analyse different combinations of sub-aerial, soil, and sub-soil erosion in Lunan Stone Forest
area, and propose a Triplex erosion mechanism for stone forest evolution.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE STONE RUNS OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS
THE LAST DISCUSSION ON THE STONE RUNS OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS CRITICISED THE THEORY THAT SOLIFLUCTION WAS A SIGNIFICANT PROCESS IN THEIR EVOLUTION AND IT ADVOCATED THAT THEY EVOLVED IN SITU. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES MORPHOLOGICAL AND INTERNAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STONE RUNS WHICH WERE IGNORED IN PREVIOUS ACCOUNTS, AND CONSIDERS THE SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE RUNS WITH GLACIAL LANDFORMS, WITH OTHER SLOPE PHENOMENA AND WITH REMNANTS OF A REGOLITH OF CHEMICALLY ROTTED BEDROCK. IT IS CONCLUDED
THAT PROCESSES SIMILAR TO THOSE WHICH FORM SORTED STONE STRIPES IN PERIGLACIAL ENVIRONMENTS PROBABLY CREATED THE STONE RUNS, BUT THAT THE LATTER EVOLVED ON AN EXCEPTIONAL SCALE ON THE FALKLAND ISLANDS DURING THE PLEISTOCENE BECAUSE OF CLIMATIC, LITHOLOGICAL
The genesis of quaternary landscapes with stone-lines
Etude comparée ; Evolution du sol ; Paysage ; Pédiment ; Pédogenèse ; Quaternaire ; Sol ; Stone-line ; Théorie ; Zone intertropicale ; Zone subtropicale
Deux principales théories ont été proposées pour expliquer l'origine des nappes de gravats (Stone-Lines) dans les paysages quaternaires. Ces théories sont comparées par une analyse chronographique.
Relation of sediment transport capacity to stone cover and size in rain-impacted interrill flow
This study examines how the sediment transport capacity of interrill overland flow varies with stone cover and stone size at 2 flow intensities. 6 series of flume experiments were conducted on 2 slopes with stones of 3 sizes serving as roughness
elements. Water discharge, rainfall intensity and sediment size are held constant, and stone size, stone cover and slope are varied. Slope is varied as a means of altering flow intensity without changing discharge.
Stone and gravel contents of arable soils influence estimates of C and N stocks
In this study, relative volumes of stones and gravel were investigated in the top soils, i.e. down to 30 cm depth, of five Swedish arable sites. Bulk density and gravel volume were determined by soil coring and stone volume using the rod penetration
method. A function for estimation of relative stone volume from mean penetration depth was developed. The results showed that although the relative volumes of stones and gravel were small, at most 8%, neglecting the volume occupied by rock fragments led
to an overestimation of C and N stocks by 8-9%. It was concluded that the inclusion of stone and gravel volume of arable soils may be important if nutrient stocks of different sites are compared, or the effects of land use changes are scaled up to regional or global
The influence of hillslope gradient, regolith texture, stone size and stone position on the presence of a vesicular layer and related aspects of hillslope hydrologic processes: a case study from the Australian arid zone
This paper aims to determine the influence of slope gradient, regolith texture, stone size, and depth of stone embedment on the presence of a vesicular layer just below the surface in arid Australia. The study also identifies the role
Conservation of soil moisture by different stone covers on alpine talus slopes (Lassen, California)
This study reports on the influence of stone covers with different clast sizes on the soil moisture of alpine talus slopes in Lassen. Fifteen four-plot sets were sampled in the dry season (July 1990) in sandy areas and in talus covered with pebbles
, cobbles, or blocks between 2740 and 2775 m. The objectives of this study are to : evaluate the role of stone size in water conservation by comparing soil moisture under layers of stones with different sizes; replicate with an irrigation field experiment
the moisture conditions found in bare talus and under stone covers; and monitor evaporation losses from these experimental plots for an extended time period.
The stone and boulder content of Swedish forest soils
Stone and boulder content has a strong influence on many soil processes and is a crucial factor to take into account when estimating element pools. In this paper, the AA. present the results of a large scale inventory of the stone and boulder
content of forest soils, which employed a surface penetration method (Viro's method) in 1943 plots across Sweden. A relationship was found between stone and boulder content and surface boulder frequency, but the strength of the relationship varied
regionally. In some regions surface boulders may provide an indicator of stone and boulder content in the soil.
Heimdall's Stones at Vitemölla in SE Sweden and the chronology and stratigraphy of the surroundings
Heimdall's Stones at Vitemölla is an archaeological monument of stones arranged in circles. It has served as an archaeoastronomic observatory. It is founded in a fossil land surface now covered by half a metre of eolian sand. In this paper, the AA
. will present the findings and chronostratigraphy in association with Heimdall's Stones, which seems to occupy a key position for the understanding of Bronze Age culture in the region and distant trading overseas. They combine the recorded sea-level changes
with the C 14-dated bog stratigraphy and the observed stratigraphy at Heimdall's Stones.
Understanding the decay of stone-built cultural heritage
The problem of the decay and conservation of stone-built heritage is a complex one, requiring input across many disciplines to identify appropriate remedial steps and management strategies. This paper reviews the crucial themes that have arisen
particularly from the work of physical geographers, themes that have sought to correct common misconceptions held by the public, as well as those directly engaged in construction and conservation, regarding the nature, causes and controls of building stone
decay. It also looks to the future, suggesting how the behaviour of building stones (and hence the work of stone decay scientists) might alter in response to the looming challenge of climate change.
Enkele gegevens over datering en vindplaatsen van de windkeienlaag in Het Gooi Some data about dating and locations of the stone-pavement with ventifacts in Het Gooi (the Netherlands)
In Het Gooi the stratigraphic position of the stone-pavement with ventifacts indicates a formation which originates from the Upper-Pleniglacial. Older stone-pavements are possibly disturbed by slope-processes during the first part of the Weichselien
(Würm). Younger stone-pavements sometimes consist of polished pebbles and are located in older or recent drift-sand areas. On many places the stone-pavement is disturbed by people. (AIS).
Climatological aspects of stone huts in traditional agriculture in a mediterranean region in Research contributions to the physical geography of Israel. Studies in fluvial and coastal geomorphology of arid and mediterranean regions.
Stone huts are insulated against extreme changes of temperature by their thick walls and sealed construction. Within the stone huts temperature and humidity are very confortable during the heat of summer days, and between 11 am and 3 pm temperatures
may be 6 C-11,5 C cooler than outside. In the neighbourhood of most of the stone huts water cisterns have been hewn out of the rock to provide sufficient water for the summer. Stone huts are scattered throughout vineyards and orchards in Spain, France
The application of confocal microscopy to the study of stone weathering
Confocal scanning light microscopy is a valuable new method for examining the nature and progress of stone weathering at a level of resolution between optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Not only is it non-destructive, but it can
Characteristics of stone covers on the surface of basalt flows in arid, northeast Jordan
This paper is concerned with attempts to identify the distinctiveness of the characteristics of stone cover as affected by lithology and slope position on a series of desert hillslopes in the late Tertiary and Quaternary basalt terrain of northeast
Weathering pit characteristics and topography on Stone Mountain, Georgia
A detailed analysis of weathering-pit distribution on Georgia's Stone Mountain granite dome reveals a complex relationships between pit size and density, compared with slope aspect and angle. The AA. conclude that insolation weathering may be a more
important process in granite pit formation on Stone Mountain than commonly believed because afternoon temperature maxima accelerate weathering through increased chemical constituent dissolution and/or crystal constituent disintegration.
Surface stone cover on desert hillslopes; Parameterizing characteristics relevant to infiltration and surface runoff
This paper seeks to examine the issues involved in making more appropriate descriptions of surface stone cover, using a desert field site as the test case. The problem of description and parameterization is considered in the context of the erosional
and hydrologic functioning of hillslopes carrying surficial stones.
Alignment of stone-pavement clasts by unconcentrated overland flow – implications of numerical and physical modelling
Arid area ; Desert ; Experimentation ; Model ; Numerical model ; Overland flow ; Patterned ground ; Stone polygon
Here, the finding of lateral processes contributing to stone-pavement evolution is supported by numerical modelling and physical experiments. These unequivocally show that unconcentrated overland flow can transport clasts to form a closely packed
stone mosaic with characteristics similar to those of natural stone pavements. Monte Carlo runs confirm the natural scatter and allow characterization of the control parameters of clast orientation. The model explains up to 70% of the natural variance
. It is further validated by flume experiments, which confirm model predictions of single object orientation angles. Experiments with multiple objects yield artificial stone pavements with properties similar to those found in the field. However, stone pavements