. The Ukrainian energy industry is based predominantly on natural gas, which is imported from other CIS countries. But the very inefficient energy usage led to a needlessly excessive import, a high indebtedness and a strong dependence from the Russian gas
monopolist Gazprom. Simultaneously the Ukrainian coal mining is in a crisis and the production of coal decreases since decades. The only way out from this situation was the exploitation of the transit monopoly for Russian natural gas. Thereby a favourable gas
Ukraine, secondly the left-bank from military administration, thirdly Eastern from Galicia and finally the Southern from the Romanian. Though Ukrainians were to be treated preferably in comparison to Russian, only low-level collaboration in local