Stacks and notches at Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick, Canada
Spectacular rock formations have developed in coarse, poorly sorted conglomerates and arkosic sandstones at Hopewell Rocks in the Bay of Fundy, which has the largest tidal range in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect
of a very large tidal range, and the role of rock structure and variations in rock hardness on the nature and development of a rock coast in the Bay of Fundy.
Special issue : the geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers
Deuterium ; Geochemistry ; Glacier ; Meltwater ; Model ; Oxygen 18 ; Palaeoclimatology ; Rock glacier ; United States of America ; Wyoming
In this paper, the AA. discuss stable isotope and stratigraphic data from an ice core obtained from a rock glacier at Galena Creek, northwestern Wyoming, USA. They have presented new, independent evidence that the Galena Creek rock glacier
is genetically a temperate alpine glacier. These findings show that the Galena Creek rock glacier, and perhaps many other rock glaciers, are essentially debris-covered glaciers. The AA. suggest that rock glaciers represent an untapped archive of old glacier ice
A rock glacier/debris-covered glacier system at Galena Creek, Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming
Special issue : the geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers
Geochronology ; Glacier ; Glacier advance ; Moraine ; Palaeoclimatology ; Permafrost ; Rock glacier ; United States of America ; Wyoming
At Galena Creek, the ice/debris system has alternated between rock glacier and debris-covered glacier modes due to changes in the size of the accumulation area. These results have important implications for paleoclimatic studies of the ice
The intent of this work is to : 1) present surface velocities on 15 rock glaciers averaged over 12 years (1983-1995) in the Selwyn Mountains; 2) calculate long-term velocities using rock glacier length and lichen age; 3) compare the velocities
A glacial interpretation for the origin and formation of the Marinet Rock Glacier, Alpes Maritimes, France
Special issue : the geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers
Alpes du Sud ; Alps (The) ; France ; Geophysics ; Glacial features ; Glacial flow ; Glacier ; Model ; Moraine ; Permafrost ; Photogrammetry ; Rock glacier
Rock glaciers of the Southern French Alps, specifically the Marinet Rock Glacier, are commonly thought to have apermafrost origin. However, results from ground surveys, relationships between debris and ice input, lichen dating and historical
Special issue : the geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers
Concept ; Geochemistry ; Glacial features ; Glacier dynamics ; Glacier mass balance ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Rock glacier ; Spatial variation
This paper focuses on a long-standing debate in rock glacier literature : whether rock glaciers develop mainly from glacial or periglacial processes. It indicates that several previously held concepts of rock glacier dynamics and development should
be re-evaluated. In addition, it highlights the need for researchers to move beyond taxonomic arguments, and to improve understanding of fundamental aspects of rock glaciers such as climatic sensitivity, geochemistry, hydrology, dynamics, structure, mass
Observations on rock glaciers in the Himalayas and Karakoram Mountains of northern Pakistan and India
Asia ; Geomorphology ; Himalaya ; India ; Mass movement ; Moraine ; Mountain ; Pakistan ; Permafrost ; Rock glacier ; Sediment transport
This paper will examine the characteristics and distribution of rock glaciers in the Karakoram Mountains and northern India to highlight importance as geomorphological agents and to assess geomorphological significance.
Isotopic composition of ice cores and meltwater from Upper Fremont Glacier and Galena Creek rock glacier, Wyoming
Special issue : the geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers
Geochemistry ; Glacial ablation ; Glacier ; Isotope analysis ; Meltwater ; Rock glacier ; Spatial variation ; United States of America ; Wyoming
A 9.4 m ice core and meltwater were collected in 1995 and 1996 at the glacigenic Galena Creek rock glacier in Wyoming's Absaroka Mountains. The results of the analyses are compared to those from the ice core and meltwater at the Upper Fremont
Glacier to better determine the origin and relative age of the Galena Creek meltwater and ice core. The meltwater from the Galena Creek rock glacier is composed primarily of melted surface snow and rain water rather than melted glacier ice, supporting
previous estimates of slow ablation rates beneath the surface debris of the rock glacier.
Mechanism of failure and slope development in rock masses
Cliff ; England ; Geotechnics ; Island ; Limestone ; Mass movement ; Model ; Rock mechanics ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; United Kingdom
This paper examines the mechanisms of failure in jointed rock slopes. The Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) has been employed in this study to examine associations between rock-mass geotechnical properties, the processes operating at and close
to the surface of the Earth, slope morphology and development. Particular attention has been paid to the control of the geometrical distribution of discontinuities in a rock mass and the factors that delimit particular types of failure, such as topples and slides
. After a theoretical modelling exercise, real-world rock slopes were studied from the Portland Limestone outcrop of the Isle of Purbeck, England.
Galena Creek rock glacier revisited - new observations on an old controversy
Special issue : the geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers
Glacial features ; Glacier ; Model ; Permafrost ; Rock glacier ; Seismic method ; United States of America ; Wyoming
Galena Creek rock glacier (GCRG), northwest Wyoming, exhibits most of the classic characteristics of rock glaciers. However, this view was challenged by Barsch, who asserted that the ice in GCRG is of permafrost origin. The AA. used new refraction
Modelling failure mechanisms to explain rock slope change along the Isle of Purbeck coast, UK
Carbonate rock ; Cliff ; Coastal environment ; Dorset ; England ; Limestone ; Mass movement ; Model ; Rock mechanics ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient ; United Kingdom
Results are presented of distinct element computer modelling used to examine rates and mechanisms of change in rock slopes and cliffs, where material intact properties determine process and form but the most significant controls are the joint
pattern and cross-joint properties. Field and laboratory data have been collected for the Portland Limestone outcrop of the Isle of Purbeck, central southern England. There are resulting implications for spatial variations in rock slope evolution.
This paper reports the results of a series of experiments on the downslope movement of rock fragments due to trampling by sheep and goats on a scree slope near Aglasun, Turkey. The experimental results are used to obtain a first estimate
on the intensity of the process which can then be compared to the reported intensity of other processes causing the movement of rock fragments on steep slopes. Furthermore, the effect of rock fragment movement on downslope and vertical sorting are analysed.
Geochemistry ; Metamorphic rock ; Metamorphism ; Microstructure ; Mineralogy ; Regional geology ; Rock ; Zimbabwe
This paper focuses on dehydration of hornblende during the retrograde metamorphism to examine the rock-fluid interaction which produced the charnockite-enderbite suites in the Northern Marginal Zone, Zimbabwe, on the basis of available thermodynamic
Why Seattle ? An examination of an alternative rock culture health
Culturel ; Etats-Unis ; Grunge ; Musique populaire ; Rock alternatif ; Seattle ; Vulgarisation ; Washington State
Article is an examination of the Seattle sound or grunge as a form of alternative rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Media theories of why this city generated a new musical sound center on its isolation and weather. The A. favors the idea
Effects of direct and indirect heating on the validity of rock weathering simulation studies and durability tests
Albedo ; Experimentation ; Lithology ; Rock ; Temperature ; Thermal regime ; Weathering
This paper demonstrates and quantifies the variable temperature characteristics of different lithologies under direct and indirect forms of heating with particular emphasis on the role of albedo. Four rock types were used : Portland limestone
The relationship between climate and rock glacier distribution in the Ben Ohau Range, New Zealand
Special issue : the geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers
Altitudinal zonation ; Climate ; Glacier ; New Zealand ; Permafrost ; Rock glacier ; South Island ; Spatial variation
This paper aims to identify the climatic boundaries for the formation of talus rock glaciers, debris-covered glaciers, and cirque floor lobes of complex origins. Mapping of fossil and active landforms reveals a zonation within the ben Ohau Range
Structural control of the morphometry of open rock basins, Kananaskis region, Canadian Rocky Mountains
rock basins. The basins were classified structurally according to the relative orientations of bedding planes and the rock slopes. The optimal structure for large compact rock basins is anaclinal, and the least favourable is cataclinal dip-overdip
A new approach to the relief of Great Britain. II. A classification of rocks based on relative resistance to denudation
In this paper , the 71 rock outcrops, classified according to their age and lithology, which exceed 500 km2 are examined in order to establish their relative resistance to denudation. It is shown that variations in the resistance of rocks to erosion
account for a large part of the local relative relief of Britain. The pattern of mean altitude predicted from river distance values using regressions for each rock resistance class simulates remarkably closely the overall pattern of British relief.