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Nyiregyhaza kereskedelmi szerepkore. (The commercial function of Nyiregyhaza)

The development of wholesale and retail trade, catering and tourism, markets, private retail trade are described. The attraction zone of Nyiregyhaza is examined. (DLO).

The suburbanisation of retail trade: the Israeli Case

The suburbanisation of retail trade: the Israeli Case

Is Demonstration of need necessary in retail planning policy ?

Is Demonstration of need necessary in retail planning policy ?
Impact ; Planning ; Retail trade ; Trade policy

Retail and urban conservation

Retail and urban conservation
Retailing, public policy and urban retail planning. Proceedings of the international symposium
Inner city ; Lisbon ; Portugal ; Retail trade ; Urban life
Recently there has been a growing concern about urban environment and the quality of urban way of life. Usually, the revitalisation of urban activities is considered as one of the most important urban activities. The A. argues that retail can play

Spatial competition and price reporting in retail food markets

Spatial competition and price reporting in retail food markets
Consumer behaviour ; Market area ; Pricing ; Retail trade ; Spatial autocorrelation ; Spatial competition
Spatial competition in retail food markets is examined, with emphasis on the geographic variations in prices among proximate rival firms. The concepts of Löschian, Hotelling-Smithies, and Greenhut-Ohta competition are reviewed, and the conjectural

Choice and constraint in the location of urban retail activities

Choice and constraint in the location of urban retail activities
Decision ; Location choice ; Practical work ; Research technique ; Retail trade ; Teaching of geography
Elaborates philosophical and methodological questions of locational decision-making : « extensive » vs. « intensive » research; and voluntarism and determinism in social activity. Includes a students exercise on retail outlets to explore the meaning

The spatial reorganization of office functions by rationalization : a case study of the large-scale retailer U N Y

The spatial reorganization of office functions by rationalization : a case study of the large-scale retailer U N Y
Economic restructuring ; Japan ; Offices ; Retail trade ; Spatial organization
This study aims to clarify how one Japanese corporation (large scale retailer U N Y ) rationalized and changed the spatial organization of its office functions during this recession. - (KA)

An analysis of the equilibrium locational pattern of retail and its dynamics in Tokyo

An analysis of the equilibrium locational pattern of retail and its dynamics in Tokyo
Commercial attraction ; Honshu ; Japan ; Location ; Model ; Retail trade ; Shopping behaviour ; Tokyo
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatiality and dynamics of equilibrium values of attractiveness terms of a shopping behaviour model and to explain present retail locational patterns in Tokyo's 23-ward area. The A. indicates 4 points

Market-place trading and the transformation of retail space in the expanding Latin American city

Market-place trading and the transformation of retail space in the expanding Latin American city
Competition ; Ecuador ; Government intervention ; Latin America ; Location ; Market ; Periodic market ; Quito ; Retail trade ; Shopping centre ; Urban area ; Urban growth
The global spread of the supermarket and the planned shopping centre is transforming retail space in the Latin American city. Market-place trading has continued to flourish in most cities. A case study of Quito shows how new periodic markets have
been established and that these are consolidated into daily markets. Much of the dynamism in market-place trading is associated with government intervention, with principal policies being the creation of markets in poorly served urban areas
and a reduction in the concentration of trading in the historic centre.

Form and function in an unplanned retail park : evidence from the Abbey Trading Centre

Form and function in an unplanned retail park : evidence from the Abbey Trading Centre
Le centre commercial Abbey Trading Centre dans la banlieue nord de Belfast et sa fréquentation (enquête par interview menée en fév. 1988). Comparaison avec le Swansea Enterprise zone.

Retailing and urban managerialism: process and pattern in Łódź

Retailing and urban managerialism: process and pattern in Łódź
Itinerant trade ; Location ; Management ; Market economy ; Poland ; Privatisation ; Retail trade ; Spatial competition ; Urban administration
The explanations of retail location in Polish cities have inadequalely explored causative processes. The concept of urban managerialism appears to be important. The paper focuses on the managers, or gatekeepers, who have laid down the rules

Retail planning policy in Portugal

Retail planning policy in Portugal
Retail planning policies in Western Europe
Distribution network ; Economic policy ; Marketing channel ; Modernization ; Portugal ; Retail trade ; Trade policy

Il terziario commerciale abruzzese tra marginalità e innovazione

Abruzzi ; Italy ; Marketing channel ; Retail trade ; Service ; Shopping centre ; Trade ; Wholesale trade
Trade in Abruzzo is biased by the social and economic differences existing all over the territory, by a widespread type of settlement and by the population aging. The food retail is excessively atomized. It is necessary to start a trade policy which

The « Magic of the Mall » : an analysis of form, function, and meaning in the contemporary retail built environment

The « Magic of the Mall » : an analysis of form, function, and meaning in the contemporary retail built environment
Consumer behaviour ; Consumption ; Perception of the urban environment ; Retail trade ; Semiotics of space ; Shopping centre ; Social space ; Spatial system ; United States ; Urban area ; Urban landscape
Shopping is the most important contemporary social activity. Developers and designers of the retail built environment exploit the power of place and an intuitive understanding of the structuration of space to facilitate consumption. They manipulate
shoppers' behavior through the configuration of space, and design a symbolic landscape. These strategies are examined to obtain an understanding of how the retail built environment works.

The UK regional shopping centre. The challenge for public policy

Retailing, public policy and urban retail planning. Proceedings of the international symposium
Government policy ; Outer conurbation area ; Retail trade ; Shopping behaviour ; United Kingdom
Using the results of a major study into the impact of major out-of-town retail activity, this paper considers the ways in which these development have changed shopping behaviour and the implications for UK retail planning policy in the years ahead.

Strong and weak unionism in Mexican retail enterprises

Strong and weak unionism in Mexican retail enterprises
Employment ; Firm ; Mexico ; Trade unionism ; Wage
Analyzing forty-one retail collective bargaining contracts from four Mexican cities, the A. findsconsiderable variation in wages and fringe benefits, benefits in excess of the legal minimum in 27 to 68 percent of cases (depending on the benefit
), and cases of sustained improvement in contractual benefits. Detailed consideration of the patterns suggests that these contracts are not uniformly protection contracts, indicating that there is strong as well as weak unionism in Mexican retail, including
among official unions, but that competitive conditions in Mexican retail constrain the possibilities for strong unionism.

Discourse, displacement, and retail practice : some pointers from the charity retail project

Discourse, displacement, and retail practice : some pointers from the charity retail project
Consumer behaviour ; Consumption ; England ; Organization ; Project ; Retail trade ; United Kingdom ; Urban area

Behind the web store : the organisational and spatial evolution of multichannel retailing in Toronto

Behind the web store : the organisational and spatial evolution of multichannel retailing in Toronto
Canada ; Cyberspace ; Electronic commerce ; Market ; Ontario ; Organization ; Retail trade ; Store ; Technological innovation ; Toronto
The A. examines the organisational evolution of multichannel retailing in Toronto from a geographical perspective. He evaluates the implications of the adoption of business-to-consumer e-commerce technology for six Canadian bricks-and-mortar
retailers based in Toronto and assess how the associated changes in business structure have been inscribed upon the urban landscape.

The changing competitive relationship between small town centres and out-of-town retailing : town revival in South Wales

The changing competitive relationship between small town centres and out-of-town retailing : town revival in South Wales
Commercial infrastructure ; Competition ; Consumer behaviour ; Enquiry ; Retail trade ; Shopping centre ; United Kingdom ; Wales
The article seeks to examine whether the reinvestment process has improved the commercial situation of a small town in the context of strong local competition and continued retail decentralisation. It is possible to reverse the commercial fortunes
of a middle-order traditional centre, even in the context of considerable competition from the newer retail forms.

Changes in the structure of food retail and wholesale: effects on energy demand

Changes in the structure of food retail and wholesale: effects on energy demand
Consumer behaviour ; Energy consumption ; Finland ; Food product ; Marketing channel ; Model ; Retail trade ; Spatial choice ; Storage site ; Trade ; Wholesale trade

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