Présentation des résultats des expériences de simulation de pluie réalisées sur six parcelles avec une inclinaison variant de 6 à 33 degrés dans un environnement désertique sous climat semi-aride.
A simple rainfallsimulator and trickls system for hydro-geomorphological experiments
Arizona ; Dynamique de versant ; Erosion des sols ; Etats-Unis ; Géographie physique ; Ruissellement ; Simulateur de pluie ; Technique de recherche ; Versant
Description d'un simulateur de pluie utilisé pour l'étude des processus hydro-géomorphologiques au niveau des versants. Exemples d'application en Arizona.
A portable rainfallsimulator for studying factors affecting runoff, infiltration and soil loss
Brésil ; Eau du sol ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion pluviale ; Géographie physique ; Infiltration ; Instrumentation ; Parana ; Simulateur de pluie ; Sol ; Technique de recherche ; Zone intertropicale
Description d'un nouveau simulateur portable. Le matériel est appliqué à la détermination du taux d'infiltration dans un axisol de l'Etat du Parana (Brésil).
Drip-screen rainfallsimulators for hydro- and pedo- geomorphological research : the Coventry experience
Rainfallsimulation in geomorphology
Cultivated land ; England ; Erodibility ; Experimentation ; Land use ; Rainfallsimulation ; Rill wash ; Slope ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; United Kingdom ; Urban area ; Water erosion
England ; Erodabilité ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Espace urbain ; Expérimentation ; Pente de versant ; Propriétés du sol ; Royaume-Uni ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie ; Sol cultivé ; Utilisation du sol ; Versant
This paper describes the development of a laboratory-based drip-screen rainfallsimulator at Coventry University and presents 7 case studies demonstrating its application. Experiments include an evaluation of the water balance of both agricultural
Seasonal variability of runoff and soil loss on forest road backslopes under simulatedrainfall
Deforestation ; Mass movement ; Mediterranean area ; Plant canopy ; Rainfallsimulation ; Rill wash ; Road ; Seasonal variability ; Slope ; Soil erosion ; Spain ; Water erosion
Couvert végétal ; Domaine méditerranéen ; Déboisement ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Espagne ; Espagne du Sud ; Mouvement de masse ; Route ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie ; Variabilité saisonnière ; Versant
Surface runoff and sediment production on backslopes of forest roads in Los Alcornocales Natural Park (southern Spain) has been studied in this paper using a simple portable rainfallsimulator. One hundred rainfallsimulations were performed on bare
Rainfallsimulation experiments are widely used in geomorphological research in badland areas. This technique contributed significantly to our understanding of badland geomorphology in the Mediterranean belt. This study confirmed that rainfall
simulations are well suited to 1) analyse runoff-infiltration processes and sediment detachment within badlands, and 2) to establish the factors determining the hydrological and erosion response at interrill scale in badland areas. Rainfallsimulations
increase our understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of the soil erosion processes. However, rainfallsimulation provides mostly qualitative rather than quantitative information. Moreover, this method allows the comparison amongst different
environments and soil conditions as the rainfall properties can be reproduced.
A series of rainfallsimulation experiments was carried out at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Tombstone, Arizona, to observe the speed at which desert pavement surfaces could be re-established following disturbance. The results were
then compared with numerical simulations to check the extent to which the model of Wainwright et al. (1994) reproduces the effects of raindrop erosion.
Fall velocity of waterdrops at different heights as a factor influencing erosivity of simulated rain in Rainfallsimulation, runoff and soil erosion.
Erodibilité ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion pluviale ; Expérimentation ; Goutte de pluie ; Géographie physique ; Méthodologie ; Simulateur de pluie ; Sol ; Théorie ; Vitesse de chute
Les recherches sur des facteurs déterminant l'érosivité de la pluie ont conduit à étudier la relation entre la hauteur de la chute et sa vélocité pour différentes tailles de gouttes générées par un simulateur de pluie. (CG).
Badland ; Erosion des sols ; Espagne ; Eté ; Hiver ; Humidité du sol ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie ; Splash ; Végétation
This paper constitutes a part of a larger study on runoff and sediment production from badlands developed on clays and on marls. Rainfallsimulation was carried out in winter and summer 1989. Rainfall was applied on bare and vegetated surfaces
Sediment transport rate-based model for rainfall-induced soil erosion
Experimentation ; Mathematical model ; Model ; Overland flow ; Precipitation ; Rainfallsimulation ; Sediment transport ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
Ecoulement superficiel ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Expérimentation ; Modèle ; Modèle mathématique ; Précipitation ; Simulation de pluie ; Transport sédimentaire
A one-dimensional mathematical model, termed sediment transport rate-based model, is developed for determining rainfall-induced soil erosion and sediment transport. A series of soil flume experiments under simulatedrainfall were conducted
to simulate the overland flow and sediment transport and to test the sediment transport rate-based model. The numerically simulated hydrographs, sediment transport rate and concentration distributions are in good agreement with those measured in laboratory
Belgique ; Ecoulement ; Encroûtement ; Erodabilité ; Erosion des sols ; Humidité du sol ; Loess ; Propriétés du sol ; Précipitation ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie
Flume experiments simulating concentrated runoff were carried out on remolded silt loam samples to measure the effect of rainfall-induced soil consolidation and soil surface sealing on soil erosion by concentrated flow for loess-derived soils
and to establish a relationship between soil erodibility and soil bulk density. Soil consolidation and sealing were simulated by successive simulatedrainfall events alternated by periods of drying. Soil detachment measurements were repeated for 4 different soil
Bassin-versant ; Erosion des sols ; Expérimentation ; Humidité du sol ; Hydrologie ; Perméabilité ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie ; Urbanisation ; Utilisation du sol
In this study, a laboratory rainfallsimulation procedure was developed and utilized to evaluate hydrologic and sheet erosional responses to various configurations of impervious surface cover at the small scale. The results suggest that upslope
impervious surfaces may represent a larger total on-site erosion risk than equivalent impervious surfaces located at lower positions along the slope, especially under high antecedent soil moisture and/or high intensity rainfall.
The EMIRE large rainfallsimulator : design and field testing
Rainfallsimulation in geomorphology
Field experiment ; Rainfallsimulation ; Rill wash ; Senegal ; Soil erosion ; Spatial variation ; Tropical zone ; Water erosion
Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Expérimentation de terrain ; Ruissellement ; Simulation de pluie ; Sénégal ; Variation spatiale ; Zone intertropicale
Cet article présente les caractéristiques et les performances d'un grand simulateur de pluie portable, capable de couvrir des parcelles de 5/10 m ou plus, utilisé dans le programme de recherche EMIRE (Etude et Modélisation de l'Infiltration du
Comparability of soil erosion measurements with different laboratory rainfallsimulators in Rainfallsimulation, runoff and soil erosion.
Belgique ; Canada ; Erodibilité ; Erosion des sols ; Géographie physique ; Indice d'agrégation ; Indice de consistance ; Israël ; Méthodologie ; Simulateur de pluie ; Sol ; Technique de recherche
L'article présente les résultats issus de deux laboratoires différents, Toronto et Leuven, où l'on a examiné l'érodabilité de douze échantillons de sols en provenance du Canada, de la Belgique et d'Israël, tout en utilisant des simulateurs de pluie
Catalonia ; Fire ; Flow ; Forest ; Forest fire ; Hydrology ; Infiltration ; Mediterranean area;Mediterranean region ; Rainfallsimulation ; Simulation ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Spain
Cataluña ; Domaine méditerranéen ; Ecoulement ; Erosion des sols ; Espagne ; Feu ; Forêt ; Hydrologie ; Incendie de forêt ; Infiltration ; Pente de versant ; Simulation ; Simulation de pluie
Relationships between forest fire and hill-slope hydrology in the Selva region of Catalonia are studied. This paper summarises the results of about 150 rainfallsimulation experiments and presents an overview of work carried out so far.
Bassin expérimental ; Bassin-versant ; Chine ; Chine du Nord ; Ecoulement ; Infiltration ; Montagne ; Pente de versant ; Propriétés du sol ; Simulation de pluie
Results and discussion of simulatedrainfall experiments with different rainfall intensities and durations completed in an experimental plot in mountainous area of North China. Simultaneously, rainfall, surface runoff, soil-layer flow, mantel-layer
flow and mantel-layer flow) is shown to be exponential. In this study area, the dominant infiltration excess runoff is simulated by Horton model. The results provide a reference for the studies of both slope and watershed scale rainfall-runoff
flow and soil moisture are monitored respectively. The recessions of surface flow and soil-layer flow are much faster than that of mantel-layer flow. The relation between the rainfall intensity and the lag time of 3 flows (surface runoff, soil-layer
Bassin-versant ; Couverture végétale ; Erodabilité ; Erosion des sols ; Expérimentation ; Infiltration ; Ravinement ; Simulation de pluie ; Turquie ; Utilisation du sol
This study presents results of microplot experiments with a rainfallsimulator on soils of a small hydrologic catchment area in south-central Turkey. The objective was to establish the magnitude of the soil erodibility and infiltration variation