Assessment of rainfall erosivity and its spatial and temporal variabilities : Case study of the Penedès area (NE Spain)
Catalonia ; Interannual variability ; Mediterranean climate ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Seasonal variability ; Soil erosion ; Space time ; Spain ; Water erosion
In this paper, rainfall erosivity based on different time intervals was evaluated for the Penedès region in Barcelona province, an area affected by high erosion processes. Rainfall erosivity was estimated from hourly data (1997–2013), recorded at 4
observatories, and daily data (1960–2013) recorded at 2 observatories of the study area. Spatial and temporal variabilities were evaluated for the analysed periods, considering annual and monthly rainfall erosivities, the number of erosive events and its
distribution within the year, the maximum event erosivity and the maximum precipitation event. Annual rainfall erosivity in the study area presented a high degree of variability from year to year. A change in rainfall erosivity within the year was observed
, with an increase in spring rainfall erosivity. In autumn, the number of erosive events decreased in September, but the individual event erosivity increased reaching very high values.
Runoff features of pasture and crop slopes at different rainfall intensities, antecedent moisture contents and gradients on the Chinese Loess Plateau : A solution of rainfall simulation experiments
rainfall intensities, antecedent moisture contents and slope gradients through rainfall simulation experiments. And bare ground was set as control. The results indicated that the presence of vegetation delayed time to runoff and reduced runoff coefficient
. Time to runoff showed a negative and exponential relationship with rainfall intensity and antecedent moisture content and a negative and linear relationship with gradient. Runoff coefficient indicated a positive and linear relationship with rainfall
intensity and antecedent moisture content and a positive and power–function relationship with gradient. The results presented here could provide insights into understanding the effects of rainfall intensity, slope gradient, and antecedent moisture content
The localized rain rate maxima (RM) of the inner core region of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated using Version 6 of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis data-set from 1998 to 2010. The AA
localized rainfall within the inner core region of intense TCs. Sub-basins with intense TCs that produce extreme rainfall rate maxima include the Bay of Bengal, the South Philippine Sea, the East China Sea, the north coast of Australia, southeast Melanesia
Agricultural practice ; China ; Experiment plot ; Micromorphology ; Rainfall simulation ; Rill wash ; Sediment budget ; Shandong ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
In this study, 32 rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in order to analyze the effects of 2 different microtopography indices (row grade and field slope), 2 ridge geometry indices (ridge height and ridge width), and rainfall intensity
that the interactions between the different factors, especially between ridge height, row grade, and rainfall intensity, play an important role during the erosion process by increasing runoff and sediment yield per min. Therefore, reducing the field slope and using high
ridges may reduce contour failure during rainfall events.
Estimation of rainfall-induced landslides using ANN and fuzzy clustering methods : A case study in Saeen Slope, Azerbaijan province, Iran
rainfall that affected groundwater levels, and introduces a methodology to estimate the date range of the next probable landslide. Based on the interpretation of the triggering factor and failure mechanism, the Saeen landslide was induced by the prolonged
rainfall behavior and resultant deep infiltration of water between the years 2002 and 2005. The results of this investigation revealed that the failure probability will likely increase in the next precipitation periods and the saturation rate will be high
Study on mechanism of retrogressive slope failure using artificial rainfall
Applied geomorphology ; Experimentation ; Mass movement ; Model ; Precipitation ; Rainfall simulation ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; South Korea
. It is highlighted that initial failure is not always necessary from the region near the toe of the slope. This study also noticed a strong correlation between rainfall intensity, sliding initiation time, and sliding head. Failure initiating near the toe propagates
Differing responses to extreme rainfall events in headwater areas recorded by wood anatomy in roots (Gorce Mountains, Poland)
of the headwater area. In the upper part of the headwater area, anatomical changes within the roots were observed when heavy rainfall events occurred, i.e. in 1958, 1970, 1971, 1972, and 1985. Roots in the lower part of the headwater area had become exposed during
continuous rainfalls in 1997 and 2001. This research provides a fundamental review of dendrogeomorphological methodology applied to the identification of extreme geomorphic events acting within headwater areas.
The study was performed between 2005 and 2012 using daily databases of rainfall, runoff and sediment recorded in the Spanish Pyrenees, coupled with synoptic weather types (WTs) defined from the National Meteorological Center/National Center
for Atmospheric Research (NMC/NCAR) 40-Year Reanalysis Project. The results show that the 3 wettest WTs accounted for 30% of rainy days and 46% of rainfall, but comprised only 13% of total daily records. To obtain a much more robust association between WTs
and rainfall an analysis was carried out using a longer rainfall record (1989–2011). The analyses confirmed that the results obtained from the Araguás catchment are representative of a longer time span. The cyclonic, north-westerly and westerly WTs play
rainstorms, at least at the spatial scale at which the phenomenon was studied (catchment sizes : 0.3-2.8 km2) and under dry catchment conditions. Five pulses of most intense rainfall were recorded. The forested catchment did not react to the 2 most intense
rainfall pulses. The abandoned farmland catchment had 2 small peak discharges at the beginning of the event. The badland catchment reacted immediately from the beginning of the rainstorm, yielding very high discharges accompanied by high suspended sediment