Characterization of rainfall generated by dripper-type rainfall simulator using piezoelectric transducers and its impact on splash soil erosion
Honshu ; Japan ; Methodology ; Rainfall simulation ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; Water erosion
In this paper, the effect of rainfall characteristics produced by a dripper-type rainfall simulator on splash soil erosion (Ds) has been investigated. The simulated rainfall kinetic energy (KE) and drop size distribution (DSD) were measured using
piezoelectric transducers. The soil splash was evaluated under various simulated rainfall intensities using the splash-cup method. The simulated rainfall intensity (I) and kinetic energy relationship (I–KE) was found to be different from natural rainfall
. The simulated rainfall intensity and splash soil erosion relationship (I–Ds) also followed this same trend. Results and discussion. Accordingly, to improve the soil splash estimation of simulated rainfall under various rainfall intensities the I–KE
characterization relationship for rainfall simulators has to be taken into account.
Using a dataset comprising 3 hydrological years (2004/05–2006/07) in the Corbeira catchment (Galicia), the relationships between rainfall, runoff and suspended sediment (SS) are analysed at event scale. The catchment was instrumented to measure
rainfall, water level and SS in the stream. Several event (rainfall, discharge and SS concentration and load) and pre-event (rainfall and discharge) variables were calculated for all the events analysed. Correlation matrices were developed using these data
. Discharge characteristics and rainfall depth showed good correlations with SS concentration and load. Suspended sediment and discharge relationships were also examined. In most of the events, the SS peak preceded peak discharge (clockwise hysteresis
Water erosion response to rainfall and land use in different drought-level years in a loess hilly area of China
rainfall-erosion data and an aridity index. Then, water erosion dynamics involving five land uses (cropland, alfalfa, scrubland, woodland and grassland) in the three typical years were analyzed. Results and discussion about erosion control : namely
, it is not possible to judge water erosion degree just from annual rainfall; more attention should be paid to the specific rainfall variables and distributions.
Rill development and soil erosion : a laboratory study of slope and rainfall intensity
Digital elevation model ; Photogrammetry ; Rainfall simulation ; Rill wash ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion ; Switzerland ; Water erosion
Rainfall simulation experiments were performed to study how rill networks initiate and evolve over time under controlled conditions with regard to the treatment variables considered, and to allow for input in a computer simulation model. The soil
used was a basal till derived Cambisol typical for the Swiss Plateau. While significant differences were found for sediment yield, runoff did not vary significantly with treatment combinations. Increasing rainfall intensity had a larger effect
Rainfall, runoff and sediment transport relations in a mesoscale mountainous catchment : the River Isábena (Ebro basin)
The aim of this paper is to investigate the rainfall–runoff–sediment transport relations and to assess the linearity of the hydrological and sedimentary response of the Isábena river basin, a highly dynamic Mediterranean mountainous catchment
Soil loss, water ponding and sediment deposition variations as a consequence of rainfall intensity and land use : a multi-criteria analysis
of intensive cultivation : the Harod catchment located in Northern Israel. The research uses simulations to study the effect of topographic attributes, soil characteristics, vegetation cover, rainfall intensity and human activities (tillage direction) on the 3
Geostatistical analysis facilitates the generation of ensembles of rainfall fields that are consistent with a given set of observations, allowing for a more realistic exploration of errors and their propagation in downstream models, such as those
Historical floods and a recent extreme rainfall event in the Murgia karstic environment (Southern Italy)
of analyses were used : the historical analysis, the hydrological analysis and the geomorphological analysis. The hydro-geomorphological analyses showed the peculiarities of the 2005 flood event. The maximum rainfall return period for the 2005 event was due
to exceptional three-hour cumulative rainfall. This study shows that it is possible to estimate peak flow characteristics even when time series of river flows are not available, thereby it improves the capability to forecast the flooding effects of severe storms
The AA. present results from idealized regional climate model (RCM) experiments forced with both positive and negative SST anomalies in the southern Atlantic Ocean. They reveal an unexpected response of rainfall over southern Africa. In particular
, it was found that SST anomalies of opposite sign can cause similar rainfall responses in the model experiments, with isolated increases in rainfall over central southern Africa as well as a large region of drying over the Mozambique Channel. The aim
of this paper is to highlight this finding. It is suggested that the observed changes in rainfall might result from the redistribution of energy (associated with upper-level changes to Rossby waves) or, of more concern, model error, and therefore the paper
is strongly correlated with cumulative rainfall over each monitoring period. Annual precipitation has a substantial dynamic range, but both annual and winter (December, January, February) rainfall amounts in southern Italy show a steady decrease over
the period 1970–2000. The persistence of positive values of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index in the period 1980–2000 is correlated with a reduction in the winter rainfall amounts. Future climate scenarios show a reduction in annual rainfall across
Dating ; England ; Experimentation ; Humid environment ; Peat bog ; Rainfall simulation ; Tephrochronology ; United Kingdom ; Vertical movement
This study takes an experimental approach to investigate the processes of tephra taphonomy. Tephra was applied to peats and movement monitored over periods of up to 6 years. Experiments combined field studies on six British peatlands with rainfall
The aim of this review is to analyse the effects of plot length (L) and other possible affecting factors [cover percentage (C, %), slope gradient (S), rainfall duration (D), rainfall intensity (I), sand, silt and clay contents, soil organic matter
Shear-rate-dependent strength control on the dynamics of rainfall-triggered landslides, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan
An unstable block kept moving after the landslide triggered in Tokushima Prefecture by a typhoon in 2004, showing accelerating and decelerating movement during and after rainfall and reaching a displacement of several meters before countermeasures
An erosion risk mapping model has been applied in this work to find the priority action areas of Mauritius and new datasets representing rainfall erosivity and topographic factors were used. Rainfall erosivity was mapped with Fournier Index instead
of rainfall depth. The topographic effect was mapped using a function combining slope length and slope gradient (LS) and was based on the unit contributing area algorithm along with land parcels effect. These new datasets improved the erosion risk mapping
Aggregate ; Agropedology ; Andalusia ; Magnetic susceptibility ; Mediterranean area ; Rainfall simulation ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Spain ; Tracer ; Water erosion
at small-scale was also examined using a portable rainfall simulator and measuring magnetic susceptibility before and after each simulated rainfall. Results and discussion.
Arizona ; Comparative study ; Erosion rate ; Experiment plot ; Isotope analysis ; Magnetic susceptibility ; Rainfall simulation ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; United States of America ; Water erosion ; Watershed
Fine grained magnetite was introduced onto a semi-arid grassland hillslope in 1992, as part of a set of rainfall-simulation experiments. Using measurements of magnetic susceptibility, the median distance travelled by these magnetite grains during
subsequent natural runoff events in the 16-year period up to 2008 was estimated. Coupling this estimate to direct measurements of sediment flux obtained during the rainfall-simulation experiments has enabled estimation of the erosion rate over this period