Retail restructuring and the strategic significance of food retailers' own-labels: a UK-USA comparison
Comparative study ; Competition ; Consumption ; Economic strategy ; Food industry chain ; Food product ; Food trade ; Innovation ; Regulation ; Retail trade ; Supply ; United Kingdom ; United States of America
Recognizing the use of food retailers' own-labels as a particular form of competitive strategy, the A. seeks to show how such a strategy is embedded within the different retailing environments of the United Kingdom and USA. The UK food retailers
are more allowed to execute own-label strategic action. In contrast, the US retailers have been restricted to lower levels of own-label trading. Different national contexts produce different power relations.
Mill pricing and spatial price discrimination: monopoly performance and location with spatial retail markets
Location ; Market area ; Population density ; Price fixing ; Retail trade ; Spatial economy ; Spatial equilibrium ; Transport cost
What emerges in this paper is a model where density functions approximate a pair of cities isolated from other cities. Each city has its own retail market, while the location of a single production or wholesale point is determined by characteristics
Capital ; German Democratic Republic ; Germany ; Investment ; Living standard ; Retail trade ; Shopping centre ; Small and medium sized enterprises ; Supplying
The structures of the retail trade in Eastern Germany have changed profoundly since the turnabout. As a result of the massive commitment of West German enterprises, large-area and discounting forms of supply have been established everywhere
in the new federal states. At the same time, the setting-up of a retail-trade system based on small and medium-sized business has made good progress. Problematical areas include the frequently insufficient equity capital, the boom in shopping centres
Land rent ; Location ; Market ; Marketing ; Price fixing ; Retail trade ; Storage site ; Store ; United States of America ; Zoning
The A. examines the linkage between the intraurban location and pricing of warehouse and distribution facilities, and the intraurban geography of retailing, production, transportation systems, warehouse labor and local zoning. Estimated reduced-form