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The effects of heavy winter rains and rare summer rains on biological soil crusts in the Negev Desert
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) abound in the Hallamish dune field in the western Negev Desert, Israel. The aim of this paper is to examine crust responses to winter and summer rains, focusing particularly on its biomass components, chlorophyll
of the BSCs increase 2–3-fold following winter rains; much higher species composition was monitored at the BSC during the winter; summer rain substantially deceased the chlorophyll content of the crusts; summer rains may alter species composition and biomass
2012

The dependence of the annual total on the number of rain-spells and their yield in the Mediterranean
A rain-spell is defined as a period of consecutive days with rainfall above a certain determined Daily Rainfall Threshold (DRT). This study examines whether a season is drier/wetter according to its length, or whether it depends on the Number
of Rain-Spells (NRS) in 41 Mediterranean stations. It analyses the relationships between dry/wet seasons and various elements of the rain-spells. These objectives are analysed both at a basin level of the entire Mediterranean, and at a station level
. The main conclusions at the basin level are that precipitation amounts are not related to the length of the seasons. At the station level of most stations, a Dry or Wet season is caused mainly by changes in the Rain-Spells Yield (RSY) and less so by changes
in the NRS. This tendency is more evident in the southern Mediterranean. Furthermore, Wet seasons are characterized by an increase in the number of Long rain-spells (longer than three days) and mainly in the RSY of these spells.
2012

mechanism model in the probabilistic forecasting method. The results show that the CO2 fertilization effect can compensate reduction of wheat biomass with warming temperature in a strong compensating effect. Under the CO2 fertilization effect, the rain-fed
and irrigated wheat biomasses increase respectively, and the increment of biomass goes up with temperature rising. The rain-fed wheat biomass increase is greater than the irrigated wheat biomass. Without consideration of CO2 fertilization effect, both irrigated
and rain-fed wheat biomasses reduce, and there is a higher probability for the irrigated wheat biomass than that of the rain-fed wheat biomass.
2012

Effects of soil compaction, rain exposure and their interaction on soil carbon dioxide emission
and sand soil), 3 different bulk densities and 3 different exposures to rainfall. The results demonstrated CO2 release varied significantly with bulk density, exposure to rain and time. The relationship between rain exposure and CO2 is positive. Bulk
2012

An analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation over Dakar using local rain-gauge data and a general circulation model
2012

One goal of this study was to assess the suitability of a novel field hybrid rainfall simulator (FH simulator) that combines characteristics of a spray nozzle and a drop former rain simulator (DF) for erosion research. Two soils with different
of both rain simulators were comparable, but kinetic energy and drop size differed for both simulators from natural rain. The results demonstrate that vegetation cover plays a crucial role in alpine soils for soil structure stability and erosion.
2012

Rain splash soil erosion estimation in the presence of rock fragments
Rain splash soil erosion in the presence of rock fragments and different initial conditions was tested in laboratory flume experiments under controlled conditions. The aim of the experiments was to ascertain whether cumulative soil erosion
2012

maximum continuous no-rain days, annual rain days, rainfall intensity, and rainfall extremes from 1960 to 2007, using the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test and Sen’s slope estimator. It was concluded that the changing trend of precipitation in NCP had an apparent
2012

Soil nutrient dynamics during podzol development under lowland temperate rain forest in New Zealand
2012

Africa ; Coastal environment ; Forest ; Geographical information system ; Malagasy Republic ; Mozambique ; Southern Africa ; Storm ; Tropical cyclone ; Tropical rain forest ; Vulnerability
2012

Climate ; Climate extreme ; Climatic change ; Climatic trend ; Global change ; Heavy rain ; Precipitation ; Space time ; Temperature ; Twenty-first century ; World
2012

Biodiversity ; Bioprospecting ; Environment ; Environmental management ; Malagasy Republic ; Natural resources ; Nature conservation ; Neo liberalism ; Political economy ; Tropical rain forest
2012

anemometers and Wenglor laser particle counters. Sand transport was initially inhibited by a brief period of rain at the start of the event but as the surface dried and wind speed increased sand transport was initiated over the entire seaward slope. Transport
2012

in the field. Test results of the PWRS are very satisfactory. The analysis presented in this study suggests in particular very good reproducibility of wind and rain conditions. The PWRS should therefore be a useful device for comparative in situ soil erosion
2012

Atmospheric circulation ; Atmospheric dynamics ; Catastrophe ; Climatic hazard ; Heavy rain ; Precipitation ; Rainstorm ; Southern United States ; United States of America ; Weather type
2012

Agriculture ; Argentina ; Deforestation ; Forest ; Plant canopy ; Population growth ; Rural outmigration ; Tropical rain forest
2012

the effects of water repellency (natural and fire-induced) and limit the effectiveness of capillarity and gravity driven infiltration into fire-affected soils. This existence of hyper-dry conditions provides insight into why, frequently during the first rain
2012

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