Probability that a fossil absent from a sample is also absent from the paleolandscape
Biostratigraphy ; Great Basin ; North America ; Palaeo-ecology ; Palaeo-environment ; Probability ; Stratigraphy ; Taxonomy ; Vegetation
The AA. describe a procedure to calculate the probability that the absence of a taxon from a stratigraphic sample provides reliable information about its absence from the paleolandscape. The concept is developed based upon plant macrofossils
recovered form woodrat (Neotoma) middens in western North America and respective assumptions related to the construction of the middens. The AA. demonstrate the utility of this procedure by estimating the probabilities of making correct (true) and incorrect
with occurrence of palsa-like forms in Sweden at the present time. In spite of a warmer climate towards the latter part of this century, palsa-like features have survived in this area. The palsa formation is probably dependent on strong winds thinning out
glacier ice to meltwater. They document with maps, satellite images, and field observations the probable evolution of part of a slow and inefficient glacier into a rock glacier at the margins of Sachen Glacier in c. 50 years, as well as several other
topographic surveys in differentiating individual fan segments; establish the chronological order of formation of discrete fan surfaces identified; and deduce the probable pattern of fan development.
Etude, au Svalbard, de l'évolution de 2 glaciers rocheux. En tenant compte de la dynamique des glaciers rocheux et du développement à long terme de leurs formes particulières, il est probable que ces glaciers rocheux ont commencé à se développer au
of the groundwater and surface water to estimate stability with respect to mass failure along a planar-type failure surface. Results can be displayed either in terms of a factor of safety (ratio of resisting to driving forces), or probably of failure. The computer
The palaeohydrology of Nahal Zin, a 1400 km2 catchment in the hyperarid Negev Desert, is inferred from slackwater deposits and palaeostage indicators in a canyon near its lower end. The palaeoflood record includes 28 floods over the last 2000 years
. The clusters of floods around 1000 years BP and again during the last 60 years are characterized by high flow magnitudes. Periods with many floods correspond well to periods with high Dead Sea levels and are probably relatively wet periods. Fluctuations
L'A. fait le point sur l'importance des réserves pétrolières prouvées et probables de cette région du monde. Depuis 1992, plusieurs Etats se sont trouvés engagés dans une concurrence acharnée pour exploiter les ressources de la Caspienne et
equalisation. In 2005 there must be found a new regulation. This raises the question as to whether the high equalisation goal in Germany is compatible with a territorial structure on the Länder level, which makes probable an extremely varied economic