supercontinent. In late Jurassic time a connection between Africa and South America probably still existed, and this seems to have persisted into the Cretaceous, even though there was an opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. Antarctica and Australia, connected
with each other and probably with South America, may have provided a passage for the migration of early marsupials until well into Eocene time. Peninsular India may have been connected to Africa until very late Cretaceous time.
. Terrestrial tetrapods known or inferred to have lived in New Zealand during the Upper Cretaceous were forms probably widespread throughout Gondwana before New Zealand's isolation. A brief survey of other known Upper Cretaceous insular dinosaur faunas indicates