A probabilisticapproach to river network detection in digital elevation models
Cartography ; Digital elevation model ; Drainage network ; Error ; Europe ; Methodology ; Monte Carlo analysis ; Probabilisticapproach ; Rhine ; Stream
Approche probabiliste ; Cartographie ; Cours d'eau ; Erreur ; Europe ; Modèle numérique de terrain ; Méthode de Monte Carlo ; Méthodologie ; Rhin ; Réseau de drainage
the inverse of the channel probability map is the closest to the reference. The use of a probabilisticapproach to error modelling significantly increases the values of channel probability for extracted river networks and the spatial match with a ground
O novom verojatnostnom podhode k issledovaniju ceredovanij tipov sinopticeskih processov nad Srednej Aziej Nouvelle approche probabiliste pour l'étude de l'alternance des types de processus synoptiques au-dessus de l'Asie Moyenne soviétique
Chaîne de Markov ; Climatologie synoptique ; Géographie physique ; Modèle probabiliste ; Processus aléatoire ; Srednjaja Azija ; Statistique ; Type de temps ; URSS d'Asie
Statistic-stochastical studies on the interchange in synoptic processes over Central Asia are briefly reviewed. It is shown that a probabilistic model of the interchange meets the piecewise-uniform process. In uniformity periods this process behaves
as a simple Markov chain. A new approach is proposed to describe regularities in the interchange for every uniformity period. Uniformity periods within each year are expressed by their stochastical matrices which are separated into subclasses. Transitions from
Probabilistic formulation of conservation of cosmogenic nuclides : effect of surface elevation fluctuations on approach to steady state
Cosmogenic nuclides have provided a powerful tool for determining rates of landscape erosion. A probabilistic formulation for the conservation of cosmogenic nuclides is derived so as to include the effect of the fluctuations. Although the real-world
The relative geomorphic work effected by four processes in rainstorms: a conceptual approach to magnitude and frequency
This paper first proposes a probabilisticapproach of the relationship between rainfall amounts and degree of landsliding (Gallart, 1990) and then to apply it to a modification of the quantitative magnitude-frequency approach suggested by Wolman
Natural hazard mapping across the world. A comparative study between a social approach and an economic approach to vulnerability
The aim of the paper is to present a comparative study of risk exposure for each country, combining two approaches to their vulnerability (social and economic), and a probabilisticapproach to hazards. This work highlights the fact that, using
a social approach to vulnerability, great inequalities are observed between “rich” countries and “poor” countries where the latter present higher levels of exposure to risk, while using an economic approach to vulnerability, “rich” countries present
. It concludes by suggesting that an idealist approach to geomorphology - one that recognizes the primacy of consciousness - can better appreciate the unpredictable and probabilistic nature of the world.
This paper draws lessons from quantum mechanics and the related concepts of decoherence and entanglement to explore the theoretical limitations of both of these existing approaches to geomorphology. It is suggested that empiricist and realist
approaches are misguided in their attempts to view the researcher as being in some way detached from the reality of the environmental system under investigation. The paper also challenges the claims to represent truth, and the deterministic view of causation
pouvant être approchées par un modèle déterministe ou bien une autre attribuant les variations des préférences à des facteurs inconnus, faisant alors appel à un modèle probabiliste. L'A. analyse le premier modèle et esquisse le second. Il propose l'étude
A disaggregated probabilisticapproach to a regulated housing market with emphasis on the demand side : the Vienna case in Twenty-fifth European Congress. Budapest, 1985.
This study focuses on the assessment of the hazard on local and regional scale of a particular type of mass movement, the landslide. The general aim is to extend the probabilistic soil mechanical approach to landslide hazard analysis. The study area
, and deterministic and probabilisticapproaches are used to model sediment transport and landform development over time scales of hours to months and space scales of metres to kilometres. Meso-scale interactions are conceptualized using a sediment-budget approach
A stochastic approach to multiregional Input-Output modelling
structure de ces modèles à travers une approche probabiliste (chaînes de Markov) qui améliore l'interprétation par rapport aux méthodes conventionnelles.
Data obtained from the Thames Basin, southeast England, are used in a probabilisticapproach to differentiate between four styles of river channel adjustment and a variety of drainage basin characteristics. This approach could thus allow
The full-distribution approach to aggregate representation in the input-output modeling
Spécification en termes probabilistes des coefficients : elle dérive d'une variation systématique que l'on peut attribuer à des facteurs industriels, institutionnels et de localisation. Meilleure estimation des intervalles autour du multiplicateur
A behavioral approach to modelling household motor vehicle ownership and applications to aggregate policy analysis
Modélisation de la possession et de l'utilisation de véhicules automobiles, à partir de la théorie d'utilité appliquée au comportement des ménages. Formalisation à l'aide de modèles de choix probabilistes discrets| estimation par échantillons
A cost-efficiency approach to the analysis of congested spatial-interaction behavior
Nouvelle approche, dans l'étude des flux de trafic urbain, de l'interaction spatiale sous des conditions de saturation. Basée sur le principe coût-efficacité de l'interaction, elle permet de développer une nouvelle classe de modèles probabilistes
Travel demand and the evaluation of transportation system change: a reconsideration of the random utility approach
Réinterprétation de la théorie probabiliste de l'utilité en vue de décrire le comportement individuel de façon plus réaliste. Le modèle introduit explicitement la contrainte temps/revenu et permet à un individu de choisir des destinations multiples
This paper analyses a greater range of conditions, including various cliff face morphologies, undercut depths, joint patterns, overhanging torque forces and potential failure paths. The models have been developed to obtain probabilistic solutions
to various lower Lias rock failures using a stochastic approach. The simulation method determines a potential configuration failure surface from the lowest calculated safety factor values.