Estimating critical stream power for bedload transport calculations in gravel-bed rivers
The physical basis of Bagnold's equation for critical stream power is examined. More general equations are presented which overcome the limitations of this equation. They require a knowledge of channel slope, but not depth. The analysis suggests
that the presence of form resistance in addition to grain roughness does not affect the calculation of critical power. Critical power is expected to depend more sensitively on grain size between reaches than within reaches.
Critical specific stream power in gravel-bed rivers
Experiments with marked pebbles were carried out on different sized rivers of the Belgian Ardenne (catchment areas varying from less than 1 km2 to 2700 km2). Specific stream power required to cause bedload movement was evaluated and critical values
were obtained. Three types of relationship between critical specific stream power and grain size were established.
Socio-spatial opportunities and the power of place. Bankwatch-NGOs in Washington, D.C.
Activity space ; Bank ; International organization ; Lobby ; Location ; Non-governmental organization ; Power ; Spatial interaction ; Structuration theory ; United States of America ; Washington D.C.
Power and governance : metropolitan governance in France
Decentralization ; Decision making process ; France ; Governance ; Inter-community cooperation ; Local government ; Network ; Power ; Toulouse ; Urban agglomeration ; Urban policy
Ecosystem ; European part of Russia ; Fluvial water ; Hydrobiology ; Hydrochemistry ; Kursk ; Mineralization ; Nuclear power station ; Phytoplankton ; Power station ; Reservoir ; Smolensk
Washington shows a striking concentration of bankwatch-NGOs that are focused on the policies of the World Bank and other international financial institutions. Beyond their sheer spatial proximity to power this is also due to their position
opportunities of the Washington-based NGOs to access and control specific power resources. The thesis interprets the American capital as the spatial aggregation of power relations between NGOs, nation state and World Bank, thereby integrating structure