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Some methods of directly assessing water erosion of cultivated land. A comparison of measurements made on plots and in fields

Some methods of directly assessing water erosion of cultivated land. A comparison of measurements made on plots and in fields
Agropedology ; Experiment plot ; Gully erosion ; Methodology ; Rill wash ; Soil erosion ; Splash
Here, brief reference is made to ways of directly measuring soil erosion and their suitability for use in farmers' fields. Some comments are made on the technique most widely used to measure erosion: experimental plots. Measurements of erosion made
in farmers' fields are then described and the results from plot-based experiments are compared with them.

Measurement of runoff and soil erosion in three areas under different land use in Sardinia (Italy)

Measurement of runoff and soil erosion in three areas under different land use in Sardinia (Italy)
The sensitivity of the Mediterranean environment to degradation caused by land use and climate change. Special issue
Environmental degradation ; Eucalyptus ; Forest fire ; Italy ; Land use ; Mediterranean area ; Rill wash ; Sardegna ; Slope ; Soil erosion ; Statistics ; Wasteland
This paper evaluates and compares runoff and soil erosion from 3 hillslopes under different land use (abandoned grazing land, burned macchia, and Eucalyptus sp. plantation) in southwest Sardinia, Italy. Data were collected in 18 plots set up
in runoff and erosion among the plots under different land use.
on the 3 hillslopes (6 plots for each hillslope), from March 1992 to February 1998. According to the literature data, runoff and erosion measured in the 18 plots may be considered low. Statistical analyses of the data indicate significant differences

Geographic box plots

Geographic box plots
Traditional and geographic box plots of one hypothetical and two real-world geographic variables are constructed and compared to illustrate the often marked differences between traditional and geographic box plots of the same geographic variables
. The real-world geographic variables considered here are human population density (in the year 2000) within the contiguous 48 United States and five-year-average (January 2001 - December 2005) air temperature over the Artic land surface. Discussion

Long-term erosional responses after fire in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. 1. Water and sediment yield

Catalonia ; Erosion rate ; Experiment plot ; Forest fire ; Runoff ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion ; Spain ; Suspended load ; Vegetation dynamics
This paper reports the results of a study on how fire effects water and sediment losses in the Central Spanish Pyrenees where land abandonment results in an increase of the scrubland and fire-affected surfaces. In 1991, 2 plots (controls and burnt
) were installed to collect runoff, suspended sediments and solutes. During 1993, another burnt plot was installed. Differences between burnt and control plots were analysed at hourly, daily, monthly and yearly temporal scale. Both burned plots began
to recover after the fire. Water and sediment losses from the 2 burnt plots were markedly different.

Field-scale investigation of the effect of land use on sediment yield and runoff using runoff plot data and models in the Mara River basin, Kenya

Field-scale investigation of the effect of land use on sediment yield and runoff using runoff plot data and models in the Mara River basin, Kenya
Agricultural land use ; Experiment plot ; Kenya ; Land use ; Model ; Runoff ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion ; Watershed
In order to evaluate the effects of 3 land-use/land cover practices on runoff and sediment yield using runoff plots and 2 models : Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) and Erosion 3D, runoff plots were established at 3 sites in the Mara River
basin : Amala upstream; Amala downstream and Nyangores watersheds. In all of the 3 watersheds, 3 land uses (cropland, grassland and bare land) with similar slope steepness and soil types were considered. The plot scale research results indicated
that erosion was high in all of the sites on cultivated lands. The model evaluation indicated that both of the models perform well in estimation of runoff, however, the WEPP model performs better than Erosion 3D in estimation of soil erosion.

The price of land for housing in Jakarta

The price of land for housing in Jakarta
Distance from city centre ; Hedonistic model ; Indonesia ; Jakarta ; Jawa ; Land value ; Land;Real estate ; Pricing ; Real estate market ; Residence ; Urban area
This paper discusses the distribution of land prices in Jakarta using information provided on a neighbourhood basis by experienced real estate brokers. Different types of residential plot are distinguished and the data show the relative importance
of infrastructural provision and tenure for land prices. Recent price increases have been consistently greater in suburban areas and in informal sector plots.

An interactive U.S. Land Survey exercise

An interactive U.S. Land Survey exercise
Cadastral survey ; Land ; Plots of land ; Practical work ; Students ; Teaching of geography ; United States of America

Effects of land use on annual runoff and soil loss in Europe and the Mediterranean : A meta-analysis of plot data

Effects of land use on annual runoff and soil loss in Europe and the Mediterranean : A meta-analysis of plot data
Climatic zone ; Europe ; Experiment plot ; Land use ; Mediterranean States ; Precipitation ; Rill wash ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Temperature gradient ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The largest currently compiled database of plot runoff and soil loss data in Europe and the Mediterranean was analysed to investigate effects of land use on annual soil loss (SL), annual runoff (R) and annual runoff coefficient (RC). Therefore
, this study aims (1) to provide an overview of both R and SL rates by interrill and rill erosion, measured at the plot scale; (2) to assess the variability in both R and SL rates for different land uses and different climatic regions in the study area; and (3
) to analyse the relationship between observed R and SL rates, and their relationship to annual precipitation. Despite large data variability, continental-wide trends are observed. The results allow a rapid assessment of the impact of land-use changes on annual
R, RC and SL, based on field-measured plot data.

Rates of soil erosion in China : A study based on runoff plot data

Rates of soil erosion in China : A study based on runoff plot data
China ; Cultivated land ; Erosion rate ; Experiment plot ; Forest ; Grassland ; Land use ; Rill wash ; Scrub ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
distribution of soil erosion monitoring sites, the distribution of slope length and the slope gradient of runoff plots, is described. Then, the runoff and soil loss rates of 5 water erosion regions in China were analyzed in terms of the main land use types
In this study, runoff and soil loss rates of sheet and rill erosion under natural conditions based on plot studies in China are reviewed. The history of plot studies in China is briefly introduced, and basic information, such as the geographic
. In China, the regional differences in the soil loss rate were mainly observed on fallow land and farmland, whereas almost no differences were observed on forest, shrub and grasslands. The soil loss rates of farmland with conventional tillage in northwest

Water balance and soil loss under long fallow agriculture in the Venezuelan Andes

Andes ; Fallow land ; Farming system ; Impact study ; Mountain ; Runoff ; Soil erosion ; Venezuela ; Water balance
In the páramo belt of the Venezuelan Andes, a long fallow agriculture is practiced to cultivate potatoes and cereals. Total rainfall, surface runoff, soil moisture, drainage, and soil loss were measured for 2 years on 10 plots cropped with potatoes
and on two successional plots with fallow periods of 1 and 15 years, and the A. found that runoff and soil loss, after a few months of fallow, were less on the fallow plots. - (SLD)

The effect of soil physical parameters on soil erosion

Plots of land ; Quantitative analysis ; Rainfall simulation ; Research programme ; Soil erosion ; Soil science
This paper investigates on the basis of plot measurements how soil erodibility changes over time. Within the research programme rainfall simulation experiments and soil loss measurements after rainfalls were carried out on different plots over 8

Facilities for continuous monitoring of soil erosion in warm and cool seasons in Prince Edward Island, Canada. II. Erosion plots

Facilities for continuous monitoring of soil erosion in warm and cool seasons in Prince Edward Island, Canada. II. Erosion plots
Agropedology ; Canada ; Cropping ; Land use ; Prince Edward Island ; Rill wash ; Seasonal variation ; Slope ; Soil erosion
This paper describes three sets of erosion plots, each set of which was installed adjacent to the gauging site of a watershed monitored for discharge and sediment. Each plot is equipped with instrumentation for instantaneously recording runoff rate

Testing the physical model concept by soil loss data measured in Sicily

Cultivated land ; Experiment plot ; Forecast ; Italy ; Model ; Quantitative analysis ; Sicilia ; Soil erosion
In this paper the physical model concept developed in USA was tested by using soil loss data collected on plots of different length at the experimental station of Sparacia, in Sicily (South Italy). This investigation supported the conclusions that i
by a replicated plot measurement. This calculation is useful since it allows to quantitatively establish the maximum gap that has to be covered by an alternative simulation model to obtain the realistically best estimate of plot soil loss at the event temporal

Russian peasant farms and household plots in 2003 : a research note

Russian peasant farms and household plots in 2003 : a research note
Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Land ; Landed estate ; Legal status ; Legislation ; Privatisation ; Russia

Effects of land use and land cover on sheet and rill erosion rates in the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia

Effects of land use and land cover on sheet and rill erosion rates in the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia
Arid area ; Erosion rate ; Ethiopia ; Experiment plot ; Land use ; Mountain ; Plant cover ; Rill wash ; Runoff ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion
The AA. conducted runoff plot experiments in the semi-arid north Ethiopian Tigray highlands to investigate whether erosion rates are within the same order of magnitude as the rates observed in central, east and south Ethiopia, to measure the effects
of various land uses and covers, and to examine the application of the (Revised) Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to the Ethiopian highlands.

Effects of land use, slope gradient, and soil and water conservation structures on runoff and soil loss in semi-arid Northern Ethiopia

Effects of land use, slope gradient, and soil and water conservation structures on runoff and soil loss in semi-arid Northern Ethiopia
Agricultural land use ; Erosion control ; Ethiopia ; Experiment plot ; Land use ; Rill wash ; Semi-arid area ; Slope gradient ; Stone wall ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of typical land-use types, slope gradients, and different soil and water conservation (SWC) structures on runoff and soil loss at the runoff-plot scale. Six runoff measuring sites, corresponding
to three slope gradients, were established for cropland (cultivated land for annual crop production) and rangeland (heavily grazed land on hillslopes with high rock-fragment cover) at Mayleba catchment in Tigray, Ethiopia. SWC structures tested were stone
bunds, trenches, and stone bunds with trenches, in addition to control plots. In total, 21 large runoff plots (with lengths of 60 to 100 m ) were monitored daily for runoff production and soil loss during the main rainy season (July-September) in 2010
[b1] Dept. of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Univ., Mekelle, Ethiopie
[b7] Arid Land Research Center, Univ., Tottori, Japon

Land organisation in Finnish villages around 1700

Land organisation in Finnish villages around 1700
Agrarian structure ; Eighteenth Century ; Finland ; Historical geography ; Land ; Landed estate ; Plots of land ; Regional disparities ; Settlement ; Village

Better land use and reclamation of the red soil hilly region of Southern China in Land use in China.

Better land use and reclamation of the red soil hilly region of Southern China in Land use in China.
Most of the area is virtually useless. To increase productivity, various experimental plots have been laid out to establish the necessary reclamation treatments for conservation of both soil and water. Various land uses in combination

Significado espacial y socioeconómico de la concentración parcelaria en Castilla y León

Agrarian morphology ; Agrarian structure ; Castilla-León ; Land tenure system ; Plots of land ; Rural economy ; Socio-economic system ; Spain

Factors affecting soil loss at plot scale and sediment yield at catchment scale in a tropical volcanic agroforestery landscape

Factors affecting soil loss at plot scale and sediment yield at catchment scale in a tropical volcanic agroforestery landscape
Bank erosion ; Deforestation ; Gully erosion ; Indonesia ; Land use ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion ; Sumatera ; Tropical zone ; Volcanic rock ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The purpose of this study as part of a Negotiation Support System approach was to assess sediment yield both at plot and catchment scale in Sumberjaya area in Sumatra and to relate it to a variety of possible clarifying factors i.e. land use
, geology, soil and topography. Sediment yield at catchment scale per unit area, was found to be 3-10 times higher than soil loss measured in erosion plots. A stepwise regression showed that the dominant factors explaining sediment yield differences
at catchment scale in this volcanic landscape were a particular lithology (Old Andesites) and slope angle followed by the silt fraction of the top soil. The quantification of land use effects on dominant erosive processes such as river bank and river bed

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