A hazai tozeglapok (tozegek) osztalyozasa. (The classification of local peat-bogs peats)
The classification serves both the protection and the various utilization of peat-bogs all the more unless top urgent steps are taken in 30-50years they disappear in Hungary. (CK).
The purpose of this paper is to access the effect of climate on peat accumulation in Canada. Four aspects of the subject are considered : how geographic and historic gradients of temperature and precipitation compare with the distribution and age
of peat deposits, the relative importance of local factors to peat accumulation, the role of northern peatlands in the carbon cycle, and implications of climatic warming for peat accumulation.
Hydrological model of peat-mound form with vertically varying hydraulic conductivity
Drainage ; Drinking water ; Groundwater ; Hydrology ; Peat bog ; Pond ; Soil properties
The form of raised peat mires can be considered to reflect the form of the saturated water mound. Here, the form of the mire is calculated for non-uniform, depth-dependent hydraulic conductivity of the peat deposit. Although requiring more
computational effort, the alternative model may offer a more appropriate description of the structure of the peat mire.
Verveningsporen in de restanten van het westfriese veendek. (Peat-digging marks in the remnants of the West Frisian peat cover)
West Frisian, the Netherlands was formerly covered with an extensive peatmoor. It has almost completely disappeared due to oxydation caused by drainage and, to a lesser extent, to peat-digging. Only in a small area, a thin layer of weathered peat
Sea level, groundwater and basal peat growth-a reassessment of data from the Netherlands
An analysis is made of the relative time-depth positions for published data from the base of the so-called Lower Peat in The Netherlands. Development of this peat is generally linked with the Holocene sea-level rise. Emphasis is placed
on the location of samples with respect to pre-existing subsurface topography. This factor is thought to govern the moment at which peat formation commenced at a given site. However, in those cases where topographical influence has been small, it becomes apparent
that other (dynamic) factors, such as seepage and local tides, in fact control the initial time-depth position of Lower Peat growth.
Classification of tropical lowland peats revisited : The case of Sarawak
Land use ; Malaysia ; Peat ; Sarawak ; Soil classification ; Taxonomy ; Tropical zone
Classification systems based on Keys to Soil Taxonomy and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) although universal are believed to be more suitable for temperate peats. This study compares these classification systems with the latest
Malaysian classification system for classifying and characterising tropical peats. The results showed that the latest Malaysian classification system has an advantage for classifying and characterising tropical peats. This latest classification describes
well the presence of decomposed and undecomposed wood, which is a distinct feature of tropical peat. It is highlighted that both the Soil Taxonomy and the WRB classification can possibly be improved to also describe tropical peats by adopting some
Radiocarbon dates from the inter-tidal peat bed at Portrush, County Antrim
Biogeography ; C 14 dating ; Intertidal zone ; Ireland ; Northern Ireland ; Peat bog
Two new 14C dates from a bed of compact inter-tidal peat at Mill Strand, Portrush, are reported and discussed in relation to two previously obtained ages from peat at Dhu Varren, a short distance inland. The date from the top of the Mill Strand peat
is statistically inseparable from that of the peat top at Dhu Varren. Together these dates indicate the cessation of peat growth occurred -6950-6550 cal. BP as a result of sand deposition associated with sea-level rise. However, dated samples from deeper within
Transport and dispersal of organic debris (peat blocks) in upland fluvial systems
Carrying capacity ; England ; Fluvial processes ; Peat ; Sediment load ; Sediment transport ; Stream ; United Kingdom ; Watershed
This paper assesses the mechanisms and pathways by which peat blocks are eroded and transported in upland fluvial systems. Observations and experiments from the north Pennines (UK) have been carried out on 2 contrasting river systems. Mapping
of peat block distributions and appraisal of reach-based sediment budgets clearly demonstrates that macro-size peat is an important stream load component. Results of peat block tracing using painted blocks indicate that once submerged, blocks of all sizes
are easily transported and blocks break down rapidly by abrasion. Vegetation and bars play an important role in trapping mobile peat.
Sediment yield and delivery in the blanket peat moorlands of the southern Pennines
This research attempts to add to the existing knowledge of peat-covered catchments by adopting investigations at various temporal and spatial scales to illuminate patterns of sediment erosion and sediment yield in peat-covered catchments.
A partial explanation of the dependency of hydraulic conductivity on positive pore water pressure in peat soils
Hydrology ; Natural gas ; Peat ; Porosity ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Soil water
Part of the relationship between positive pore water pressures and hydraulic conductivity in peat soils may be explained by accumulations of methane bubbles. The AA. show how compression and expansion of gas bubbles with changes in pore water
pressure could cause changes in hydraulic conductivity and thus help to explain some observations of dependency of hydraulic conductivity in peats on pore water pressure. Consideration is also given to the effect on hydraulic conductivities of methane gas
Initiation of a multiple peat slide on Cuilcagh Mountain, Northern Ireland
Drainage ; Mass movement ; Model ; Northern Ireland ; Peat ; Precipitation ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; United Kingdom
The aims of this paper are : to examine the role of 2 specific factors which have been implicated in previous studies, namely the presence of artificial drainage ditches and subsurface pipes, in the occurrence of the Cuilcagh peat slide
; and to establish whether the entire mass movement could have been initiated by failure of the small slope segment at the head of the Cuilcagh peat slide, as suggested previously on the basis of morphological evidence.
This paper investigates the effect of the incorporation of organic matter in the form of peat on soil crust strength and adopts an interactive approach to study the effects of soil organic matter content, rainfall duration, and aggregate size
, and their interactions on crust strength. The aim was to increase the understanding of the effect of organic matter particularly in the form of peat, on soil crust strength.
Micromorphological analysis of five sections, partly with a macroscopically traced gradual transition, partly with an abrupt boundary, shows that in all cases no hiatus occurred between the peat and the drift sand. Consequently the radiocarbon dates
of the upper part of the peat do not give a date postquem for the drift sands, but represent dates during the early phases of sand drifting.
soils is a major limitation. Peat however has very favourable electrical characteristics resulting in low attenuation and excellent results are obtained from GPR surveys. Several examples Southern Belgium are discussed showing the wide range of possible
Frozen peat mounds in continuous permafrost, northern Ungava, Quebec, Canada in Periglacial processes and landforms.
The aim of this paper is to describe three types of frozen peat mounds found in the Arctic environment, and to make it clear that they should not be called palsas. The latter are the typical peat mounds which occur in the discontinuous permafrost
zone (Seppälä 1988). This distinction is thought to be necessary because research activities in the high Arctic regions are continuously increasing and there is confusion if all frozen peat mounds are described as palsas.
The AA. argue that the premise on which the peat mound model developed by Armstrong (1995) is based, that hydraulic conductivity shows an exponential decline with depth in bog peats, is unsound. Empirical evidence in the literature
Climatic and anthropogenic influences on radial growth of scots pine at Hanvedsmossen, a raised peat bog, in south central Sweden
Dendrochronology ; Dendrology ; Drainage ; Human impact ; Palaeobiogeography ; Palaeoclimate ; Peat bog ; Sweden
Past studies of the climatic influence on tree growth at peat bogs in northern latitudes have shown weak correlation between annual tree-ring widths and climatic parameters during the growing season. At Handvedsmossen, a raised peat bog in south
Lightning and special peat bog phenomena on Andøya, northern Norway
Atmospheric electricity ; Humid environment ; Mass movement ; Norway ; Peat bog
In 1982 a 5 m2 slab of peat, 25 cm thick, was discovered on a peat bog on the island of Andøya. Then, investigations on Andøya have provided information on 6 quite similar phenomena with slab weights varying between 100 kg and 4 tons. Outside Andøya
Mapping contemporary magnetic mineral concentrations in peat soils using fine-resolution digital terrain data
Cartography ; Digital elevation model ; England ; Gully erosion ; Hydromorphic soil ; Magnetic susceptibility ; Peat bog ; Soil properties ; Topography ; United Kingdom ; Yorkshire
Recent adavances in the field od digital terrain analysis and the avaibility of fine-resolution digital elevation models means that the relationship between the concentration of magnetic minerals in peat soils and topography can be explored using
quantitative methods. Alport Moor is an ombotrophic peat moorland in the Peak District National Park, UK, where 24 peat cores were collected. Each core was analysed for mass specific magnetic susceptibility. The mapping results demonstrate that the contemporary
concentration of magnetic minerals in the peat soils of Alport Moor is controlled by micro- and local-scale variations in water table position.