The first issue begs the question whether the introduction of this concept has occurred with due regard to the contexts set by academic fields where the notion originates. The second concerns the regional dimension of sunk costs, and a final concern
relates to the empirical measurement of these costs. These issues serve as the starting point of the formulation of an alternative view of sunk costs.
Centrality ; Communication ; Location ; Network ; Optimization ; Spatial system ; Transport cost
The paper introduces fixed facility costs into a hub location model, making the number of hubs a decision variable. As an initial effort toward solving the model, a two-step procedure is devised.
Transportation and telecommunications costs. Some implications of geographical scale
This paper examines the relationship between distance and interaction costs and rates, with particular emphasis on the effects of geographical scale. Focusing on data from Israel, it demonstrates that the costs of distance are persistent even
in telecommunications systems, and that pricing does not reflect the costs of providing the services.
Discounting the economic costs of conservation and compensation
The economic costs likely to be imposed by protecting rock from quarrying at a site near Dunedin, New Zealand, are examined, and attempts are made to estimate compensation requirements. Protection of this site is expected to impose costs
on the quarryowners and society at a distant time. The choice of discount rate is of overriding importance in estimating the magnitudes of these distant costs.
Coulée boueuse ; Crue ; Cyclone tropical ; Erosion des sols ; Jamaïque ; Kingston ; Mouvement de masse ; Pente de versant ; Risque naturel ; Singapour ; Tectonique de plaques ; Urbanisation ; Zone intertropicale
is located in a stable environment and the urbanization related problems of flood and slope instability have been reduced by proper building and drainage practices at a considerable cost. In Kingston, the external disturbances are repetitive, large-scale
Spread of low-cost carriers : tourism and regional policy effects in Spain
Aéroport ; Développement urbain ; Espagne ; Mobilité ; Politique régionale ; Tourisme ; Transport ; Transport aérien ; Transport low-cost
La configuration des nouvelles relations ligne aérienne-aéroport-intégration régionale. L'impact du trafic low-cost sur le réseau des aéroports espagnols. Les effets des opérations de transporteurs low-cost sur l'activité touristique. Tourisme et
politiques régionales en Espagne : une synthèse de l'évolution. Tourisme et politiques de développement régional en liaison avec les transporteurs low-cost.
Les travaux du Chanoine Hippolyte Coste concernant la flore de l'Aveyron in 104 session extraordinaire Grands Causses et Rouergue, Hommage au Chanoine Coste, 1974.
Aveyron ; Bibliographie ; Coste (Hippolyte) ; Flore ; France ; Géographie de l'Europe ; Midi-Pyrénées ; Végétation
Rappel des recherches de Coste et liste chronologique de ses travaux imprimés ou manuscrits concernant la floristique aveyronnaise. (Les AA.).
A linear constraint formulation for spatial and temporal cost imputations in accord with Shapley values
Allocation ; Economic behaviour ; Economic cooperation ; Economic cost ; Game theory ; Mathematics
The objective of the model is to develop equitable divisions of the benefits and costs of cooperation by using cooperative game theory and by including linear constraints.
The main objective of the study is to consider explicitly the ways in which alternative spatial pricing policies will affect location choice. The maximum-profit location is obtained by balancing price, demand, production cost, and transportation
Attitudes of business leaders and professional ecologists toward regulating environmental social costs in South Africa
Attitude ; Behaviour ; Ecology ; Environment ; Perception ; Social cost ; South Africa
Both professional ecologists and business leaders believe that companies must take responsibility for the social costs of their actions should these impair ecological functioning. - (AJC)
Privatisation of housing and the impact of the Conservative Government's initiatives on low-cost homeownership and private renting between 1979 and 1984 in England and Wales | 2. implementation of low-cost homeownership policy
Privatisation of housing and the impact of the Conservative Government's initiatives on low-cost homeownership and private renting between 1979 and 1984 in England and Wales : 3. Impact and evaluation of low-cost homeownership policy