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Human and social capital in Poland
Correlation ; Human capital ; Human geography ; Large town ; Poland ; Social capital
the quality is better, is also significant. Significantly high level of social capital is characteristic for some of big cities, prevailing part of the west of the country and in south-eastern Poland. Lower values are typical for central and north-esatern
Composite indices were used to describe spatial diversity of humans and social capital. High quality of human capital in Poland is characteristic mainly for big cities and their surroundings. The difference between eastern and western Poland, where
Poland. Spatial diversity of human and social capital in Poland is clearly seen. Correlation between social and human capital is positive and relatively strong. - (BJ)

Spatial variability of multifunctional landscape as the basis for potential differences of regional smart growth of rural areas - the examples from Poland

Spatial variability of multifunctional landscape as the basis for potential differences of regional smart growth of rural areas - the examples from Poland
Development ; Economic growth ; Poland ; Regional policy ; Rural area ; Socio-economic indicators
, conducted for two territorial units of Poland, corresponding to the provinces of Greater Poland - situated in western Poland, and Podlasie - in the north-eastern part of the country. The choice of these provinces was by no means incidental, since
they are representive, in terms of numerous socio-economic features, for the larger areas of western and eastern Poland. The results obtained indicate that smart growth can be considered a very important tool in development of the regional growth policies. - (BJ)

Use of soil profile truncation to estimate influence of accelerated erosion on soil cover transformation in young morainic landscapes, North-Eastern Poland

Use of soil profile truncation to estimate influence of accelerated erosion on soil cover transformation in young morainic landscapes, North-Eastern Poland
Cultivated land ; Digital elevation model ; Forest ; Human impact ; Land use ; Moraine ; North-Eastern Poland ; Poland ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties
This paper elucidates the influence of accelerated soil erosion on soil cover in young morainic landscapes of North-Eastern Poland (Brodnica Lake District). Detailed pedological investigation were carried out within two study sites (forest

Klimatyczna i bioklimatyczna charakterystyka polski północno-wschodniej

Bioclimatology ; Climate ; Geographical information system ; Poland
The paper presents climatic and bioclimatic conditions of North-Eastern Poland. In the first part general climatic and bioclimatic characteristic of the studied area is discussed. The second part shows local differentiation of climatic

Podlaski region chowu bydła obszarem sukcesu transformacji w rolnictwie po 1989 roku

Agriculture ; Cattle ; Dairy farming ; Economic reform ; Livestock farming ; Poland
18.8 % of total agricultural land in Poland were liquidated. Eastern markets for agricultural products from Poland were partly closed. At the some time there are some regions in Poland, characterized by high development of agriculture. One
of such regions is Podlasie localized in North-East Poland and specialized in dairy cattle breeding - (17 heads) and in some gminas of Podlasie region (50-70 head). - (BJ)
The political changes in Poland taking place after 1989 have started a number of processes in Polish agriculture. Contribution of agriculture to national income has been decreasing from 12.2 % in 1989 to 2.7 % in 2003. State farms possessed in 1989

Development and chronology of the lower Vistula River valley, North Poland

Development and chronology of the lower Vistula River valley, North Poland

Climatic seasons of the year in North-West Poland

Climatic seasons of the year in North-West Poland

Przemiany w ruchu naturalnym ludności wiejskiej po 1989 roku

Migration ; Mortality ; Natural increase ; Poland ; Rural population ; Years 1990-99
procreation. A better demographic situation of rural population is noted in the northern and north-eastern part of the country, whereas it is worst in the eastern territories and in Łodz region. - (BJ)
The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in natural migration of rural population in Poland. Special attention has been devoted to mortality. The time span of the study includes the years 1989-2002. The analysis shows that the demographic
situation of rural population in Poland is more favourable than that of urban population. The reason for that are attitudes towards procreation rather than mortality. However, the situation is deteriorating, due to weakening of the attitudes towards

Regionalne zróżnicowanie struktury funkcjonalnej obszarów wiejskich w Polsce

Agricultural policy ; Agriculture ; Carpathian Mountains ; Economic growth ; European Union ; Poland ; Region ; Rural area ; Silesia ; Spatial differentiation ; Sudety
of rural areas development policy and the EU agricultural policy. The changes related mainly to particular functions, including agriculture, and the structure of those functions; 8 regions were speciefied : North-Eastern, North-Western, Great Polish
The article describes trends of changes in functional structure of rural areas in Poland. Functional regions of polish rural areas and their transformation in the years 1998-2000 are characterized in connection to the regional differentiation
-silesian, Central, South-eastern, Sudetian, Upland-Silesian, and Carpathian. Those regions differ in terms of spatial development and the dominance in functional structures as well as the level of their growth. - (BJ)

Warunki bioklimatyczne Supraśla jako podstawa zagospodarowania przestrzennego

Białystok ; Bioclimatology ; Human bioclimatology ; Model ; Poland ; Spatial organization
The paper consists of evaluation of bioclimatic conditions of Supraśl (North-Eastern Poland) for the needs of climatotherapy, rest and recreation. As the basis of evaluation the following factors were used : heat load in man defined with the use

The changing geography of morbidity and mortality in post-communist Poland

The changing geography of morbidity and mortality in post-communist Poland
Human resources in Eastern Europe. Special issue
Disease ; Health ; Mortality ; Poland ; Pollution ; Population

Ethnical diversity and regional development of eastern borderland regions in Poland, Lithuania and Latvia

Ethnical diversity and regional development of eastern borderland regions in Poland, Lithuania and Latvia
Ethnic community ; European Union ; Frontier ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Poland ; Regional development
The paper deals with the problems of ethnic diversity of the regions (NUTS 3) belonging to Poland, Lithuania and Latvia, situated along the eastern borderland of the European Union. The ethnic factor, namely, influences in an important manner
the shape of public life in all three regions. It impacts, as well, on mutual relations between the three countries, and on the relations between them, on the one hand, and their eastern neighbours, not being the members of the European Union, on the other

The intensity and the structure of the cross-border traffic at the eastern boundary of Poland on the basis of a field study

The intensity and the structure of the cross-border traffic at the eastern boundary of Poland on the basis of a field study
Belorussia ; District ; Frontier ; Human trafficking ; Poland ; Road traffic ; Russia ; Trans-border area ; Ukraine
On the basis of data, collected by the Border Guards, it is not possible to determine the detailed geographical structure of vehicle traffic (passenger cars, heavy loads and coaches) crossing the Eastern boundary of Poland. The sole source
of information on the origin of the vehicles, coming to Poland, is constituted by the field studies. On the basis of such studies, carried-out at five border crossing points (with Russia, Kaliningrad district, Belarus and Ukraine) detailed analysis was performed
of the traffic of vehicles at the level of counties in Poland and districts in the countries, bordering upon Poland from the East. – (BJ)

Transforming the functional structure of Poland's rural areas

Transforming the functional structure of Poland's rural areas
Classification ; Poland ; Rural area ; Years 1990-99
a strengthening of the agricultural function in central and eastern Poland, while the West and parts of the South witnessed an increase in the significance of functions outside agriculture. - (BJ)
This article is devoted to changes in the functional structure of Poland's rural areas in the years 1988-1999, that is - in the period of transition from the socialist to market economy and the country's preparations for the EU accession

Types of outwash forms in north-east Poland in The 24th International Geographical Congress, Tokyo, 1980.

Types of outwash forms in north-east Poland in The 24th International Geographical Congress, Tokyo, 1980.

Propozycje makroskalowych rozwiązań układu sieci transportu drogowego dla północno-wschodniej Polski w świetle powiązań funkcjonalnych

Berlin ; Moscow ; Novgorod ; Poland ; Road transport ; Transport ; Transport network ; Warsaw
The first part of the article presents conclusions from Podlasie and the North-Eastern Poland regarding international connections, notably the economic ones. It leads to discussion of the current concepts of large scale (extra-regional) transport

Foreign trade commodity flows across the eastern boundary of Poland

Foreign trade commodity flows across the eastern boundary of Poland
Export ; Importation ; International trade ; Poland ; Regional economy ; Trans-border area
The paper presents the characterisation of turnover in foreign trade across the Polish segment of Eastern boundary of the European Union. On the basis of data from the Ministry of Finance the variability was analysed of the volume of foreign trade

The Curzon line as the eastern boundary of Poland. The origins and the political background

The Curzon line as the eastern boundary of Poland. The origins and the political background
Frontier ; Poland ; Political geography ; Russia ; Territory ; Twentieth Century ; War
The paper presents the political history of the present-day eastern boundary of Poland (Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Belarusian). The respective line was called the Curzon Line due to the initiative of the Foreign Secretary of Great Britain, George
significant political role. The name, the Curzon Line, was brought back into use during World War II by Stalin and accepted by Roosevelt and Churchill at the confer¬ences in Teheran in 1943 and in Yalta in 1945, as the eastern boundary of Poland. The causes
Nathaniel Curzon (1859-1925). On December 8th, 1919, he suggested a provisional demarcation line separating Poland from Bolshevik Russia. At that time, it was just one of many proposals for the course of the line of separation and did not play any
and consequences of this decision are considered, based on the source documents and the literature on the subject. The political boundary which was forced upon Poland by the three superpowers after the defeat of the German Third Reich, and the inclusion of Poland

Strukturalne uwarunkowania rzežby pólnocno-wschodniego progu Gór Stołowych

Escarpment ; Geomorphology ; Mountain ; Poland ; Sudety
The geomorphology of the north-eastern escarpment of the Stołowe mountains main plateau is highly diversified. It western section is higher, amphitheatral valley heads are of larger dimensions, and the slopes are steeper and typically concave
in longitudinal profile. In the eastern section, the scarp is lower, inclined more gently and lacking in continuous rock cliffs. The strength of sandstone in the western section, determined using a Schmidt hammer, is greater, thereby accounting for the steepness

A map of sequences of forest/non-forest states over the last 200 years in the borderland between Poland's Masuria and Kurpie regions

A map of sequences of forest/non-forest states over the last 200 years in the borderland between Poland's Masuria and Kurpie regions
Afforestation ; Cartography ; Deforestation ; Forest ; Habitat ; Historical mapping ; North-Eastern Poland ; Plant cover ; Poland ; Topographic map ; Vegetation ; Vegetation map

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