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Mountain climatology and past and potential future climatic changes in mountain regions : a review

Mountain climatology and past and potential future climatic changes in mountain regions : a review
Climate ; Climatic variation ; Forecast;Prediction ; Glacier fluctuation ; Mountain ; Paleoclimatology ; Scale ; Snow ; Temperature
Climat ; Echelle ; Fluctuation du glacier ; Montagne ; Neige ; Paléoclimatologie ; Prévision ; Température ; Variation climatique
Using mountain regions from around the world, the A. discusses controls of mountain climate and scales of climate features, and evaluates evidence of past climatic conditions.―(DWG)

Mountain gorilla mortality and climatic factors in the Parc national des Volcans, Ruhengeri Prefecture, Rwanda, 1988

Mountain gorilla mortality and climatic factors in the Parc national des Volcans, Ruhengeri Prefecture, Rwanda, 1988
Biogeography ; Climate ; Mammals ; Mortality ; Mountain ; Precipitation ; Rwanda
Biogéographie ; Climat ; Mammifère ; Montagne ; Mortalité ; Précipitation ; Rwanda
The AA. see a connection between the high mortality of mountain gorillas in 1988 and a period of heavy precipitation and cooler weather. - (DWG)

Climate of the Tatra mountains

Climate of the Tatra mountains
Special issue on environmental transformations and human impact in the Polish Tatra mountains
Atmospheric circulation ; Climatic data ; Climatic variation ; Climatology ; Global change ; Greenhouse effect ; Mountain ; Mountain climate ; Poland ; Precipitation ; Radiation ; Snow ; Tatra Mountains ; Temperature ; Wind
Changement global ; Circulation atmosphérique ; Climat de montagne ; Climatologie ; Donnée climatique ; Effet de serre ; Montagne ; Neige ; Pologne ; Précipitation ; Radiation ; Tatry ; Température ; Variation climatique ; Vent
Remarks on solar radiation, winds (average of 105 foehn days/yr), air temperatures (lowest minima in basin - 40,4 deg. C.); snow cover (290 days on highest peaks); and climatic change. - (DWG)

I climi montani. Un invito a ricerche sistematiche

Les climats de montagne. Essai de recherche systématique
Climate ; Meteorology ; Mountain ; Mountain climate ; Temperature ; Wind
Climat ; Climat de montagne ; Montagne ; Météorologie ; Température ; Vent
Bref historique des recherches sur les climats de montagne. - (MLG)

Vertical distance, releif energy and altitudinal limits as distinguishing features of high mountains

Vertical distance, releif energy and altitudinal limits as distinguishing features of high mountains
Altitude ; Classification ; High mountain ; Mountain ; Relief
Mountain constitute the Earth's third pole, because they hypsometrically repeat the climate zones as far as the Arctic within smallest space. For this reason, the vertical distance and relief energy are characteristic and distinguishing features
of any classification of mountains. But when taking such basic features into consideration, geomorphologists, glaciologists and geobotanists have to define mountain-typological threshold values in a new way. - (IfL)

Studies of climatic and human impacts and their relationship on a mountain slope above Salme in the Himalayan Middle Mountains, Nepal

Studies of climatic and human impacts and their relationship on a mountain slope above Salme in the Himalayan Middle Mountains, Nepal
Climate ; Climatic data ; Gully erosion ; Himalaya ; Human impact ; Impact study ; Land use ; Landscape ; Monsoon ; Mountain ; Nepal ; Precipitation ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Soil erosion
Action anthropique ; Climat ; Donnée climatique ; Dynamique de versant ; Erosion des sols ; Etude d'impact ; Himalaya ; Montagne ; Mousson ; Népal ; Paysage ; Précipitation ; Ravinement ; Utilisation du sol ; Versant

Recent climatic change and catastrophic geomorphic processes in mountain environments

Recent climatic change and catastrophic geomorphic processes in mountain environments
Avalanche ; British Columbia ; Canada ; Catastrophe ; Climatic warming ; Debris flow ; Deglaciation ; Global change ; Mass movement ; Mountain
A major objective of this paper is to review the most important catastrophic geomorphic processes linked to climate-induced glacier ice loss, with examples mainly from the mountains of western Canada. Further, the AA. explore how recent glacier ice
loss has affected the frequency of catastrophic events and stability thresholds, and they speculate on the amplitude and wave-length of pertubations to mountain geomorphic systems caused by climatic warming.

Mountain biulding and climate : mechanisms and timing

Mountain biulding and climate : mechanisms and timing
Antarctica ; Climate ; Climatic change ; Cold area ; Impact ; Land atmosphere interaction ; Mountain ; Neotectonics ; Vertical movement
Antarctique ; Changement climatique ; Climat ; Impact ; Interaction terre-atmosphère ; Montagne ; Mouvement vertical ; Néotectonique ; Zone froide
Mountains affect climate in several ways. At a local scale, passive effects include simple elevation and rain shadow effects. On a broader scale and over a longer period, more substantial effects result from different mechanisms. In the past few
million years, world wide uplift of mountains in the Neotectonic period has actively forced climatic change. The uplift of the Tibet Plateau and its bordering mountains has global effects, through effects on the Asian monsoon, jet streams
, and interhemispheric exchange. The hypothesis of the negative greenhouse effect is not supported by the dating of climate change, or relationship between carbon dioxide, weathering and erosion. Antactica has been long isolated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
and does not share the same tectonic and climatic history as the rest of the world. - (NF)

Mount Kenya and its environs : a review of the interaction between mountains and people in an equatorial setting

Mount Kenya and its environs : a review of the interaction between mountains and people in an equatorial setting
Climate ; Glacier ; Human impact ; Kenya ; Land use ; Mountain ; Physical geography ; Tropical zone ; Vegetation ; Water resources
Action anthropique ; Climat ; Glacier ; Géographie physique ; Kenya ; Montagne ; Ressource en eau ; Utilisation du sol ; Végétation ; Zone intertropicale
General description of the geology, vegetation, climate, water resources, glaciers and land-use and population of this mountain whose highest summit rises to 5 200 m. - (DWG)

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Hulifang massif of Gongwang mountains in Yunnan Province

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Hulifang massif of Gongwang mountains in Yunnan Province
China ; Dating ; Glacial features ; Glaciation ; Mountain ; Palaeogeography ; Pleistocene ; Stratigraphy ; Thermoluminescence ; Yunnan
in the western part such as Diancang mountains, Yulong mountains of Yunnan Province and the glacier series are more complete than the adjacent mid-latitude regions such as Taibai mountain and Taiwan mountains and are roughly representative of climate changes
Geomorphic mapping of the Hulifang Massif and the TL dating provides evidence for at least 4 distinct glaciations. Correlated with the other mountains in eastern China, these glacial advances in the Gongwang mountains just like the advances

Regularities of mountain geosystems

Regularities of mountain geosystems
Altitudinal zonation ; Europe ; Geosystem ; Holocene ; Mountain ; Pleistocene ; Precipitation ; Quaternary ; Temperature
assymetry in various climatic zones are discussed. Reconstruction of changes of vertical zones in European mountains during the Pleistocene and early Holocene is proposed. - (DG)
The main features of the mountains are considered and relation with the vertical zonality of temperature and precipitations are observed. Taking into account the mesoclimatic belts in mountain valleys, the diversity of vertical belts and the slope

Changes in mountain climate and glacio-hydrological responses in Transformation of mountain environments.

Changes in mountain climate and glacio-hydrological responses in Transformation of mountain environments.
Alpes ; Climatologie globale ; Colorado ; Effet de serre ; Etats-Unis ; Europe ; Glaciologie ; Géographie physique ; Hydrologie ; Modèle ; Montagne ; Paléoclimatologie ; Rocky Mountains ; Variation climatique ; Végétation
Analysis of observational and proxy forms of evidence of climatic change especially in the Alps and the Rocky Mountains for three time scales : late glacial maximum (ca 18 000 B.P.)| little ice age (ca A. D. 1550-1850)| and recent, the last based

The influence of micro-climate, snow cover, and soil moisture on ecosystem functioning in high mountains

The influence of micro-climate, snow cover, and soil moisture on ecosystem functioning in high mountains
Climatic change ; Ecosystem ; High mountain ; Microclimate ; Mountain ; Norway ; Snow ; Snow cover ; Soil moisture ; Temperature
The dynamics of water and energy fluxes in the high mountains of central Norway was studied along micro-spatial topographic gradients in different altitudes and regions of the Scandes. Landscape ecological processes like snow accumulation during
characterisation of high mountain ecosystems.

Vertical zonality in the Southern Khangai Mountains, Mongolia. Result of the Polish-Mongolian physico-geographical expedition. Vol. 1

Vertical zonality in the Southern Khangai Mountains, Mongolia. Result of the Polish-Mongolian physico-geographical expedition. Vol. 1
Climat ; Etagement ; Géographie de l'Asie ; Khangai ; Milieu naturel ; Modèle ; Mongolie ; Montagne ; Paléogéographie ; Sol ; Versant ; Végétation
variability of climatic conditions in the Khangai Mountains| Areal variability of hydrological conditions in the Tsagan-Turutuin-gol drainage basin, southern Khangai Mountains| Present-day slope modelling in the southern Khangai Mountains| Altitudinal zonation
of soils in the southern Khangai Mountains| Vegetation and the plant vertical zones| Altitudinal zones in mountains with continental climates.
Contient: Major physico-geographical features of the southern slope of the Khangai Mountains| Historical review of physico-geographical investigations in the Khangai Mountains| Relief and paleogeography of the Southern Khangai Mountains| Vertical

Mountain weather and climate

Mountain weather and climate
Altitudinal zonation ; Atmospheric circulation ; Atmospheric dynamics ; Climate ; Climatology ; Energy balance ; Mountain
Bilan énergétique ; Circulation atmosphérique ; Climat ; Climatologie ; Dynamique de l'atmosphère ; Montagne ; Zonation altitudinale

Glaciers and climate of the mountains of the former USSR during the neoglacial

Glaciers and climate of the mountains of the former USSR during the neoglacial
C 14 dating ; Caucasus ; Climatic variation ; Dendrochronology ; Former USSR ; Geochronology ; Glacier ; Glacier advance ; Glacier fluctuation ; Holocene ; Kamchatka ; Mountain ; Palynology ; Permafrost ; Quaternary ; Sakha ; Ural Mountains
Climate cooling and glacier advance during the late Holocene are discussed with case studies from the Causasus, Pamiro-Alai, Tien Shan, Altai, Sayan, Polar Urals, mountains of Yakutia, and Kamtchatka. Palynological and geomorphological data yield

Untersuchungen an der alpinen Waldgrenze im Piringebirge (Bulgarien)

Balkans ; Bulgaria ; Climate ; Dendrochronology ; Forest ; Geo-ecology ; High mountain ; Mountain ; Pirin ; Records ; Tree line
Archive ; Balkans ; Bulgarie ; Climat ; Dendrochronologie ; Forêt ; Géo-écologie ; Haute montagne ; Limite supérieure de la forêt ; Montagne ; Pirin
High mountains and their ecosystems offer an outstanding opportunity for studies on the impact of climate change. One of the high mountains is the Pirin Mountain in Southeast Europe in Bulgaria. The article deals with terms Balkan, climate change

Holocene mountain glacier fluctuations : a global overview

Holocene mountain glacier fluctuations : a global overview
Alps (The) ; Climatic change ; Climatic variability ; Europe ; Glacier ; Glacier fluctuation ; Holocene ; Mountain ; World
Since one century mountain Holocene glacier fluctuations are considered as proxies of climate changes. Starting from the Alps, studies in all the mountain regions from poles to the equator revealed a multitude of high-frequency glacier fluctuations
, mainly related to local-regional climate variability. On the long trend at the millennial scale, a more coherent pattern of glacier advance/retreat phases is emerging, if not worldwide at least at the hemispheric level. - (NF)

Spatial variations of Holocene climatic change in the Yellowstone Region

Spatial variations of Holocene climatic change in the Yellowstone Region
Climatic variation ; Holocene ; Idaho ; Montana ; Palaeo-ecology ; Palaeo-environment ; Palynology ; Pollen diagram ; Quaternary ; Rocky Mountains ; United States ; Vegetation ; Vegetation dynamics ; Wyoming
Diagramme pollinique ; Dynamique de la végétation ; Etats-Unis ; Holocène ; Idaho ; Montana ; Palynologie ; Paléo-environnement ; Paléo-écologie ; Quaternaire ; Rocky Mountains ; Variation climatique ; Végétation ; Wyoming
The AA. present a model to explain the pattern of Holocene vegetational changes in the Rocky Mountains. The model is based on the understanding of : 1) the vegetational and climatic history of the Yellowstone region and the northern Rocky Mountains
of Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho; 2) paleoclimate simulations from general circulation models that incorporate changes in large-scale controls; and 3) present-day climatic regimes of the western United States.

Extreme precipitation events on the northern side of the Tatra Mountains

Extreme precipitation events on the northern side of the Tatra Mountains
Climatic data ; Climatic variability ; Heavy rain ; Mountain ; Poland ; Precipitation ; Tatra Mountains ; Twentieth Century
This article reviews the occurrence and variability of extreme precipitation on the northern slope of the Tatra Mountains (southern Poland), using rainfall amounts of duration from 1 to 30 days. Daily data from 76 years (1927-2002) are used
for the Hala Gąsienicowa meteorological station at 1520 m a.s.l., the place with the heaviest rainfall in Poland. Discussion of the results. A transition to a rather wetter phase of climate has been noted since 1995.

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