Distribution spatiale ; Modèle ; Montagne ; Pergélisol ; Périglaciaire ; Température du sol ; Tendance du climat
Climatic trend ; Model ; Mountain ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Soil temperature ; Spatial distribution
temperatures, which seem to have increased during the last two to three decades in cold permafrost, while in ground close to 0°C the near-surface ice content has restricted warming and similar trends are not apparent. Modelling of mountain permafrost has
developed greatly, driven by general circulation models or gridded temperature maps, through both predictive methods and spatial equilibrium and transient approaches. The spatial resolution of climate parameters, which is normally much coarser than
the spatial heterogeneity of alpine environments, presents a major problem for modelling studies. This is a fundamental challenge for future research.
techniques, and their application in a broad suite of change detection studies, indicate recent increases in the rates and magnitude of thermokarst. Field-based studies and modelling have enhanced the knowledge of processes and feedbacks associated
Carbone ; Changement climatique ; Distribution spatiale ; Dégel ; Géochimie ; Géosystème ; Modèle ; Pergélisol ; Propriétés du sol ; Périglaciaire ; Thermokarst
Carbon ; Climatic change ; Geochemistry ; Geosystem ; Model ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Soil properties ; Spatial distribution ; Thawing ; Thermokarst
of the permafrost C pool should be developed to address potential C release upon thaw. The permafrost C pool and its dynamics are beginning to be incorporated into Earth System models.
-shore zone. Modelling of coastal erosion has begun to include permafrost-specific components such as block failure. The absence of basic information on Arctic coasts that would be provided by a dedicated observing network, especially on lithified coasts
, has hindered the development of a system model with predictive capability.