Modèle numérique de terrain du fond de la mer Blanche
Base de données ; Carte bathymétrique ; Fond sous-marin ; Géomorphologie ; Mer Blanche ; Modèle ; Modèle numérique de terrain ; Relief ; Russie d'Europe
Bathymetric chart ; Data base ; Digital elevation model ; European part of Russia ; Geomorphology ; Model ; Relief ; Sea floor ; White Sea
Le modèle numérique de terrain (MNT) du fond de la mer Blanche est conçu grâce aux technologies du SIG et aux nouvelles techniques de l’analyse morphogénique du relief. Ce MNT permet de réaliser des cartes numériques à différentes échelles sans
perdre les données de l’information initiale ; les images 3D et les images animées ; l’analyse mathématique comparée etc. Lors de la conception du modèle les AA. ont tenu compte de l’origine du relief, de ses traits structuraux et de ses particularités
Analyse des groupes ; Cycle de vie ; Développement ; Modèle ; Slovénie ; Station touristique ; Tourisme
Cluster analysis ; Development ; Life cycle ; Model ; Slovenia ; Tourism ; Tourist resort
The paper discusses the applicability of Butler's model of the life cycle of a tourist area in interpreting various development patterns of Slovene tourist resorts. In order to find out similar development patterns a hierarchical cluster analysis
is performed. As a result, nine clusters are identified. The results show very heterogeneous development of individual resorts. Only in regard to a smaller part of them a pattern similar to the one from Butler's model could be discerned. - (IKR)
MRICES : A new model for emission mitigation strategy assessment and its application
Changement climatique ; Mitigation ; Modèle ; Modèle économique ; Pays développés ; Pays en développement ; Stratégie d'acteurs
Climatic change ; Decision making process ; Developed countries ; Developing countries ; Economic model ; Mitigation ; Model
In this paper, the AA. developed the MRICES (Multi-regional integrated model of climate and economy with GDP spillovers) model, which is an integrated assessment model (IAM) but extends to include GDP spillover mechanism, to make assessment
A 2D model for characterising first-order variability in sublimation of buried glacier ice, Antarctica : assessing the influence of polygon troughs, desert pavements and shallow subsurface salts
Antarctique ; Fente de gel ; Glace ; Glacier ; Microclimat ; Modèle ; Modèle numérique ; Pergélisol ; Périglaciaire ; Région polaire ; Sol figuré ; Sublimation ; Température ; Zone froide
Antarctica ; Cold area ; Glacier ; Ice ; Ice wedges ; Microclimate ; Model ; Numerical model ; Patterned ground ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Polar region ; Sublimation ; Temperature
To assess the role of thermal contraction-crack polygons (sublimation polygons) in modulating sublimation of buried glacier ice in Antarctica, the AA. applied a 2D numerical model using COMSOL Multiphysics that calculates the rate and spatial
. The model results show that sublimation varies with drift texture and surface topography. The importance of including field-based data for drift texture, topography and microclimate variation in modelling ice sublimation is highlighted. The results also
Three methods for modelling potential natural vegetation (PNV) compared : A methodological case study from south-central Norway
Biogeography ; Comparative study ; Cultivated land ; Cultural landscape ; Forest ; Human impact ; Humid environment ; Methodology ; Modelling ; Mountain ; Norway ; Southern Norway ; Vegetation dynamics ; Vegetation map
nature's biotic potential in the absence of human influence and disturbance, using 3 different modelling methods : (1) an expert-based manual modelling (EMM), (2) rule-based envelope GIS-modelling (RBM), and (3) a statistical predictive GIS-modelling method
(Maxent). The article compares the modelling results and shows that the 3 modelling methods have different advantages, challenges and preconditions.
Choix d'un modèle géopotentiel global pour la détermination précise du géoïde en Algérie
Algérie ; GPS ; Gravimétrie ; Géodésie ; Modèle numérique de terrain ; Traitement des données
Algeria ; Data processing ; Digital elevation model ; Geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; Gravimetry
Dans ce travail, les AA. apportent une contribution à l'étude du géoïde en Algérie en utilisant une méthode de filtrage des coefficients des modèles géopotentiels. La comparaison du filtrage passe bas des modèles géopotentiels avec les données
gravimétriques du fichier EOL et les données GPS nivelé a montré que le modèle OSU91A est le plus adapté à l'Algérie. Les données utilisées sont une combinaison des données gravimétriques, des coefficients du modèle géopotentiel OSU91A et le MNT global GTOPO30
. Afin d'améliorer les résultats obtenus, il est prévu un nouveau calcul du géoïde en utilisant des données de gravité terrestres fiables et bien réparties sur toute l'Algérie, un MNT précis, et l'utilisation du modèle EGMO8.
The multiple channel network of the Siphandone wetlands in Laos, a section of the Mekong River, was modelled using a steady one-dimensional hydraulic model. The river network is characterized by a spatially-varying channel-form leading
to significant changes in the bulk flow properties between and along the channels. The challenge to model the bulk flow in such a remote region was the lack of ideal boundary conditions. The flow models considered both low flow, high inbank and overbank flows
and were calibrated using SPOT satellite sensor imagery and limited field data concerning water levels. The application of the model highlighted flow characteristics of a large multi-channel network and also further indicated the field data that would
The challenge of modeling pool–riffle morphologies in channels with different densities of large woody debris and boulders
Bloc ; Bois flottant ; Chenal seuil-fosse ; Cours d'eau ; Dynamique fluviale ; Etats-Unis ; Géométrie hydraulique ; Habitat ; Modèle ; New England ; Profil longitudinal
Boulder ; Channel geometry ; Fluvial dynamics ; Habitat ; Longitudinal section ; Model ; New England ; Step-pool channel ; Stream ; United States of America ; Woody debris
A Monte Carlo simulation approach and developmental computer model was created to predict pool formation, spacing and the percentage length covered by pools, riffles, scour holes and runs based on input data that include channel slope, width
, the number of small and large boulders, and the number of 10-30 cm, 30-60 cm and >60 cm pieces of wood. The statistical-empirical model is founded on the idea that boulders, bedrock outcrops and large woody debris provide a physical framework
that then controls local water-surface slopes, velocity patterns and the locations of pools and riffles. The spacing values of individual types and sizes of obstructions are modeled as log-normal distributions with separate distributions for each obstruction type
. Pools are assigned different probabilities of development depending on the obstruction type. The model accurately mimics some statistical attributes of pool spacing, and future versions of the model could be developed to improve overall predictive
Kompleksnaâ matematičeskaâ model' dlâ issledovaniâ volnovyh processov v protočnyh sistemah otkrytyh rusel i vodoёmov
Modèle mathématique pour l’étude des processus ondulatoires dans les émissaires des chenaux ouverts et des plans d’eau
Cours d'eau ; Géométrie hydraulique ; Hydrodynamique ; Hydrologie ; Lama ; Modèle ; Modèle mathématique ; Niveau lacustre ; Plan d'eau ; Russie d'Asie ; Vague
Asian part of Russia ; Channel geometry ; Hydrodynamics ; Hydrology ; Lake level ; Mathematical model ; Model ; Stream ; Water body ; Wave
Elaboration d’un modèle mathématique uni- et bidimensionnel et d’une méthode numérique des processus ondulatoires dans les émissaires des chenaux ouverts et des plans d'eau. L’analyse et la comparaison des résultats de la modélisation numérique des
régimes hydrodynamiques en conditions réelles avec ceux du modèle uni- ou bidimensionnel montrent l’efficacité et la rentabilité de ce dernier pour l’étude des processus ondulatoires dans les plans et les cours d’eau à structure complexe.
Geographical information system ; Iran ; Landslide ; Mazandaran ; Model ; Natural hazards ; Statistics ; Thematic mapping ; Vulnerability
The aim of this study is to produce landslide susceptibility maps at Safarood basin, Iran, using 2 statistical models such as an index of entropy and conditional probability and to compare the obtained results. At the first stage, landslide
of entropy (IOE) and conditional probability (CP) models. Both the models have good predictive capacity but the IOE method performed slightly better than the CP model in landslide susceptibility mapping.
2012
[b2] Fac. of Engineering, Dep. of Civil Engineering, Spatial and Numerical Modeling Research Group, Univ., Putra, Malaisie
Dynamique littorale ; Littoral ; Modèle ; Modèle numérique ; Niveau marin ; Simulation ; Transport sédimentaire
Coastal dynamics ; Coastal environment ; Model ; Numerical model ; Sea level ; Sediment transport ; Simulation
This contribution takes a numerical modelling approach that is based on first-order processes contributing to the movement of sediment across the shoreface. Using a wave transformation model that predicts hydrodynamic processes driving cross-shore
sediment transport and an energetics-based model for the coupling between hydrodynamics and sediment transport, the AA. show that cross-shore sediment transport is mainly onshore directed at the boundary between the lower and the upper shoreface
, in agreement with the model proposed by Davidson-Arnott (Conceptual model of the effects of sea level rise on sandy coasts, Journal of Coastal Research 21 : 1166-1172, 2005). The transition from onshore to offshore directed transport is located well within
A review of remote sensing based productivity models and their suitability for studying oil palm productivity in tropical regions
Agriculture ; Cycle du carbone ; Dioxyde de carbone ; Donnée climatique ; Modèle ; Palmier à huile ; Photosynthèse ; Productivité ; Télédétection ; Zone intertropicale
Agriculture ; Carbon cycle ; Carbon dioxide ; Climatic data ; Model ; Oil palm ; Photosynthesis ; Productivity ; Remote sensing ; Tropical zone
The objective of this paper is to review existing remote sensing based models (i.e. CASA, GLO-PEM, VPM, C-Fix, TURC, EC-LUE, VI, TG, 3-PGS and MOD17) that use light use efficiency (LUE) logic, and subsequently to evaluate the suitability
of these models for estimating oil palm productivity. This paper also highlights the limitation of current remote sensing based models for estimating oil palm productivity. From the review of existing literature, it is clear that the existing remote sensing based
models need to be modified in terms of meteorological inputs, maximum LUE and environmental constraints in order to improve the estimation of oil palm productivity.
Bifurcation ; Channel geometry ; Meander ; Model ; Netherlands (The) ; Numerical model ; Rhine ; Sediment transport ; Stream
modelling of this bifurcation with a gravel-sand bed and a meandering planform. Successive computations have shown the importance of upstream approach conditions, the necessity to include physical mechanisms for grain sorting and alluvial roughness
and 3D morphological models are valuable tools, not only for pragmatic applications to engineering problems, but also for revealing the limitations of established knowledge and understanding of the relevant physical processes.
Avulsion ; Bifurcation ; British Columbia ; Canada ; Chenal anastomosé ; Columbia ; Confluence ; Cours d'eau ; Géométrie hydraulique ; Modelé fluviatile ; Modèle ; Transport sédimentaire
Avulsion ; Bifurcation ; Braided channel ; British Columbia ; Canada ; Channel geometry ; Columbia ; Confluent ; Fluvial landform ; Model ; Sediment transport ; Stream
The AA. test hypotheses on morphodynamic scenario modelling and data of the upper Columbia River. Initial and boundary conditions for the modelling were derived from field data. A 1D network model was built based on gradually varied flow equations
from upstream, which can have caused channel aggradation above the surrounding floodplain and subsequent avulsion. The modelling also indicates that avulsion was likely caused by upstream overloading. In the model, multi-channel systems inevitably
Enhancing habitat connectivity in fragmented landscapes : spatial modeling of wildlife crossing structures in transportation networks
Analyse spatiale ; Etats-Unis ; Habitat ; Massachusetts ; Modèle ; Passage protégé ; Paysage fragmenté ; Protection de la nature ; Route ; Réseau routier ; Système d'information géographique ; Vie sauvage
Fragmented landscape ; Geographical information system ; Habitat ; Massachusetts ; Model ; Nature conservation ; Road ; Road network ; Spatial analysis ; United States of America ; Wildlife
This research develops 2 classes of spatial models for optimally locating crossing structures in situations where the goal is to connect discrete habitat patches that are fragmented by roads. The first group of models uses variations of minimum
. The second set of models includes newly developed integer programs with objectives that maximize interpatch connectivity given a fixed number of crossing structures. The AA. illustrated the models using hypothetical landscapes and applied them to a case study
Field-scale investigation of the effect of land use on sediment yield and runoff using runoff plot data and models in the Mara River basin, Kenya
Bassin-versant ; Bilan sédimentaire ; Ecoulement ; Erosion des sols ; Erosion hydrique ; Kenya ; Mara ; Modèle ; Parcelle expérimentale ; Utilisation agricole du sol ; Utilisation du sol
Agricultural land use ; Experiment plot ; Kenya ; Land use ; Model ; Runoff ; Sediment budget ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion ; Watershed
In order to evaluate the effects of 3 land-use/land cover practices on runoff and sediment yield using runoff plots and 2 models : Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) and Erosion 3D, runoff plots were established at 3 sites in the Mara River
that erosion was high in all of the sites on cultivated lands. The model evaluation indicated that both of the models perform well in estimation of runoff, however, the WEPP model performs better than Erosion 3D in estimation of soil erosion.
Basel ; Classification des sols ; Modèle ; Modèle numérique de terrain ; Pente de versant ; Propriétés du sol ; Prévision ; Sol ; Sol forestier ; Stratégie d'acteurs ; Suisse
Basel ; Decision making process ; Digital elevation model ; Forecast ; Forest soil ; Model ; Slope gradient ; Soil ; Soil classification ; Soil properties ; Switzerland
This study describes a terrain analysis method that combines modeled and defined geomorphographic terrain attributes with detailed field knowledge and local mapping experience. 450 forest soil profiles were used to statistically analyze
, modeled steep slopes, ridges, slope edges, convex and concave slope formations correlate well to local landform elements. Up to now, the results for mid slope modeling have been unsatisfactory. The complex morphographic terrain classification approach
, described in this study, is a feasible spatial and hierarchical basis for decision-based prediction models.
A spatial-temporal modeling approach to reconstructing land-cover change trajectories from multi-temporal satellite imagery
Changement environnemental ; Classification ; Espace-temps ; Etats-Unis ; Image satellite ; LANDSAT ; Modèle ; Occupation du sol ; Ohio ; Processus markovien ; Relation homme-environnement ; Série chronologique ; Traitement des données
Classification ; Data processing ; Environmental change ; LANDSAT ; Land utilisation ; Man-environment relations ; Markov model ; Model ; Ohio ; Remote sensing ; Satellite imagery ; Space time ; Time series ; United States of America
A spatial-temporal modeling approach is developed here for reconstructing land-cover change trajectories from time series of satellite images. The change detection method represents an enhancement to the conventional post-classification comparison
. The key innovation lies in the use of Markov random field theory to model spatial-temporal contextual information explicitly in the classification of time series images. When evaluated using a time series of 7 Landsat images in a case study of southeast
Ohio, the spatial-temporal modeling approach yielded significantly more accurate and consistent trajectories of land-cover change than conventional non-contextual approaches. These results also highlight the utility of spatial-temporal contextual
Spatial prediction of landslide hazards in Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) : A comparative assessment of the efficacy of evidential belief functions and fuzzy logic models
Carte thématique ; Etude comparée ; Glissement de terrain ; Hoa Binh province ; Logique floue ; Modèle ; Prévision ; Risque naturel ; Système d'information géographique ; Viêt Nam ; Vulnérabilité
Comparative study ; Forecast ; Fuzzy logic ; Geographical information system ; Landslide ; Model ; Natural hazards ; Thematic map ; Vietnam ; Vulnerability
values were calculated using evidential belief functions and fuzzy logic models. Finally, landslide susceptibility maps were validated and compared. The prediction-rate curves and area under the curves were calculated to assess prediction capability
. The results show that all the models have good prediction capabilities, but the model derived using evidential belief functions has the highest prediction capability.
2012
[b3] Fac. of Engineering, Spatial and Numerical Modelling Research Group, Univ., Putra, Malaisie
Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment
Agropédologie ; Allemagne ; Années 1950-2007 ; Bassin-versant ; Carbone ; Conservation des sols ; Erosion des sols ; Modèle ; Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Pratique culturale
Agricultural practice ; Agropedology ; Carbon ; Germany ; Model ; North Rhine Westfalia ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; Watershed
In this study, the SPEROS-C model was modified to analyse erosion induced lateral and vertical soil C fluxes and their effects upon soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in a small agricultural catchment. The model was applied for the period between 1950
and 2007 covering 30 years of conventional tillage (1950-1979) followed by 28 years of conservation tillage (1980-2007). In general, modelled and measured SOC stocks are in good agreement for 3 observed soil layers. Land management has a significant impact
inputs by cover crops and decreased erosion, significantly reduced the modelled erosion induced C loss of the test site. A first estimate suggests that C losses are very sensitive to magnitude and frequency of erosion events.