Climatic change ; Crack ; Experimentation ; Heat transfer ; Meltwater ; Model ; Mountain ; Numerical model ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Rock ; Rockfall
Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations based on the model indicate that latent heat release due to initial ice aggradation can rapidly warm cold bedrock and precondition it for later thermal erosion of cleft ice by advected sensible heat
and geophysical data have revealed a thick sequence of glaciolacustrine sediments beneath the study site. The rampart deformation structures are consistent with 2 models, but units of sand and gravel within the ramparts favour a hypothesis that these landforms
represent the collapsed remains of ground-ice mounds. This study highlights the importance of recognising and evaluating all possible (periglacial and non-periglacial) models for the development of ramparted depressions.