Glacier distribution in the Alps : statisticalmodelling of altitude and aspect
Alps (The) ; Altitude ; Europe ; Glacier ; Glacier mass balance ; Model ; Snow line ; Spatial distribution ; Statistics
Alpes ; Altitude ; Bilan de masse ; Distribution spatiale ; Europe ; Glacier ; Limite d'enneigement ; Modèle ; Statistique
Mass balance of glaciers in mountain areas varies not only with altitude and regional position but also with aspect, gradient, glacier size, glacier type and detailed topographic position. These factors are combined here in models of how glacier
This paper introduces 3 main statistical methods, i.e., time-series model, cross-section model and panel model, which have been used to identify such issues in the field of agrometeorology. Generally, research spatial scale could be categorized
into 2 types using statisticalmodels, including site scale and regional scale (e.g. global scale, national scale, provincial scale and county scale). Four issues exist in identifying response sensitivity of crop yields to climate change by statistical
in the section of perspective on the future of statisticalmodels.
models. The issues include the extent of spatial and temporal scale, non-climatic trend removal, colinearity existing in climate variables and non-consideration of adaptations. Respective resolutions for the above 4 issues have been put forward
The A. concludes that « in spite of its simplicity (no exogenous uncertainty, no inventories, no capital, etc.), the basic structure implies a highly complex nonlinear dynamic model which generates cycles of high order as well as irregular behavior
endogenously ». Application of the theory of fractals to Keynesian models. - (CN)
The analysis of turbulence time series: statistical and correlation approaches using the MINITAB package
Correlation ; Geophysics ; Hydrodynamics ; Model ; Runoff ; Sediment transport ; Statistics ; Time series ; Turbulence
Corrélation ; Ecoulement ; Géophysique ; Hydrodynamique ; Modèle ; Statistique ; Série chronologique ; Transport sédimentaire ; Turbulence
The theoretical basis and use of statistical and correlation approaches for the analysis of turbulence time series are described. In particular, the analysis of data from high frequency current meter measurements using MINITAB is presented
Analyse spatiale ; Calage ; Calcul matriciel ; Chaîne de Markov ; Flux ; Maximisation de l'entropie ; Modèle ; Modèle de gravité ; Statistique
-symmetry are presented and put in correspondence with Markov chains theory, decision theory and alternative classical statisticalmodels. Existing as well as presumably new estimation and model selection procedures are discussed in a way which unifies
Error propagation in quantitative spatial modelling. Applications in Geographical Information Systems
Error ; Geographical information system ; Modelling ; Spatial statistics ; Statistics
This book deals with the different aspects of the problem of error and error propagation in GIS. It is restricted however to the propagation of quantitative attribute errors in logical, empirical and conceptual models that are used in, or with GIS
Seasonal ground frost occurrence : developing a statistically-based predictive model
Climatologie ; Etats-Unis ; Gel ; Gel du sol ; Géographie physique ; Illinois ; Modèle ; Permafrost ; Propriété physique ; Pédologie ; Sol ; Statistique
Results suggest that although frost penetration can often be approximated on the basis of freezing degree days, the last frost observed and a qualitative assessment of soil moisture, the overall accuracy of the predictive model is undermined
Statistical bias in species-area regression models
Distorsion ; Dynamique des populations ; Erreur ; Généralités sur la géographie ; Modèle ; Relation espèce-territoire ; Régression multiple
Les AA. démontrent que lorsque les relations espèce/territoire sont traitées comme des modèles de régression multiple, la transformation antilog peut introduire une distorsion importante sur l'estimation paramétrique. Si elle n'est pas corrigée
When standard statistical methods such as regression are used to formulate species distribution models, assumptions about the spatial structure of the data and the model parameters are often violated. Autocorrelation and non-stationarity
in an ecological context using species distribution models, they are broadly relevant to any statisticalmodeling applications using spatial data.
are characteristics of spatial data and models, respectively, and if present and unaccounted for in model development, they can result in poorly specified models as well as inappropriate spatial inference and prediction. While these spatial issues are addressed here
to the Severn flood are used as input for a computer program of James' (1985) model. The pattern of sediment concentrations predicted by the model was compared with that obtained from statistical analysis of the flood sediment.
Modelling hail frequency using a generalised additive interactive technique
Hail ; Model ; Precipitation ; South Africa ; Statistics ; Summer
Afrique du Sud ; Eté ; Grêle ; Modèle ; Précipitation ; Statistique
Relationships between hail day frequency, altitude and latitude in the summer rainfall region of South Africa are investigated by means of generalised additive models. - (AJC)
Mountain permafrost on active volcanoes : field data and statistical mapping, Klyuchevskaya Volcano Group, Kamchatka, Russia
Active layer ; Altitude ; Asian part of Russia ; Conceptual model ; Kamchatka ; Model ; Mountain ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Soil temperature ; Spatial distribution ; Statistics ; Volcano
Altitude ; Distribution spatiale ; Kamčatka ; Modèle ; Modèle conceptuel ; Mollisol ; Montagne ; Pergélisol ; Périglaciaire ; Russie d'Asie ; Statistique ; Température du sol ; Volcan
statisticalmodel. Measures mean annual ground temperatures vary from near 0°C around 950m a.s.l. to -7°C at 2500m a.s.l. and permafrost is predicted to occur at elevations >700m a.s.l. Heat transfer modelling indicates that the maximum permafrost thickness
Problèmes de statistique en science régionale, lié à l'interprétation et à la signification du terme jacobien dans les modèles spatiaux autorégressifs.
Spatial interaction : a statistical mechanism model
Le débat porte sur certains mécanismes associés à l'interaction spatiale, du point de vue de la physique statistique. La relation entre interaction spatiale et diffusion géographique est soulignée. Quelques conclusions nouvelles concernant le modèle
In February 2000, southern Mozambique experienced severe floods related to the passage of two tropical cyclones. An analysis is conducted of the historical context, structure and prediction of flooding during the summer season. A statisticalmodel
The modelling of overdispersion in generalised Poisson and multinomial models of migration flows and rates is considered, and its importance within the wider question of substantive model specification is shown. Simplified ways of estimating