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On the characteristics and possible origins of ice in rock glacier permafrost
Active layer ; Cold area ; Creep ; Geophysics ; Glacial flow ; Ice ; Model ; Mountain ; Permafrost ; Rock glacier ; Soil temperature
The viscous flow patterns characteristic of rock glaciers are caused by the long-term (i.e. Holocene) existence of a thick and continuous perennially frozen layer supersatured with ice. The variability over several orders of magnitude
of the electrical DC resistivity indicates that the corresponding ground ice may have multiple origins. The change in DC resistivity probably reflects a) the warming of permafrost through creep movements from colder to warmer areas, and b) the replacement of high
-resistivity surface and suprapermafrost ice by low-resistivity subpermafrost ice through dynamic thinning of the active layer and the permafrost.

The fluvial factor in the evolution of alpine valleys and of ice-marginal topography in Vorarlberg (W-Austria) during the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene
for the reconstruction of palaeoclimatical parameters. Former snowline positions can be linked to ice-surface altitudes and to the geochronology of the Rhine Glacier system.

Andes ; Argentina ; Bedded rock fragments ; Cenozoic ; Cryoturbation ; Ice ; Ice wedge ; Neogene ; Nivation hollow ; Palaeoclimate ; Palaeogeography ; Palaeogeomorphology ; Patagonia ; Solifluction

and characteristics (active layer thickness, ice-content, permafrost temperatures), geophysical soundings and continuous ground temperature measurements have been made at altitudes between 2660 and 3250 m a.s.l. in the discontinuous permafrost belt. Based

Alps (The) ; C 14 dating ; Dendrochronology ; Glacier ; Glacier fluctuation ; Historical geography ; Lateral moraine ; Little ice age ; Palaeosol ; Switzerland

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