A stochastic hydro-geomorphological model for shallow landsliding due to rainstorm
Honshu ; Japan ; Landslide ; Model ; Natural hazards ; Rainstorm ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Spatial distribution ; Stochastic model ; Thematic map
A prediction model of shallow landsliding is proposed. It considers not only the determininstic aspects containing slope stability, saturated throughflow and a soil (regolith) depth development, but also the stochastic aspects of intensity
and duration of rainfall. It turns out that the probability of saturated throughflow, which is the direct trigger mechanism to shallow landsliding, can be expressed by a log-normal distribution. The short term probability of landsliding is defined as the excess
Predicting landslides from rainfall in a humid, sub-tropical region
Forecast ; Landslide ; Precipitation ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; South Africa ; Statistics ; Tropical zone
Topography, geology and a humid, sub-tropical climate make the Durban region on the east coast of South Africa particularly prone to sliding mass movements. Records of individual landslides and landslide events between 1970 and 1990 were compared
with 22 rainfall variables calculated for the same period. Correlation coefficients demonstrated statistically significant relationships between annual and wet season landslide frequencies and maximum 3-day and maximum monthly wet season rainfall, whereas
Lichenometric dating of landslide episodes in the Western part of the Polish Flysch Carpathians
Carpathian Mountains ; Dating ; Flysch ; Holocene ; Landslide ; Lichenometry ; Mass movement ; Poland ; Slope
This paper presents the basics of lichenometry as well as its applications in geomorphological research. Also presented are results of lichenometric dating of landslide-rockfall walls in the western part of the Polish Flysch Carpathians. The study
helps to identify landslides episodes from historical times. the results obtained indicate that on the slopes studied there coexist several generations of landslide-rockfall forms of various age, including recent and active ones.
Landsliding in the Likhu Khola drainage basin, Middle Hills of Nepal
Agricultural land use ; Land use ; Landslide ; Nepal ; Soil erosion ; Sustainable development ; Terrace ; Watershed
This paper reports the results of a three-year study of landsliding (1991,1992 and 1993) in 4 subcatchments of the Likhu Khola basin, Middle Hills, Nepal. The largest failures occurred in the drier south-facing catchments, the vast majority being
small, almost planar slumps on the risers of agricultural terraces. Thus the results indicate that landsliding is a significant contributor to overall denudation but that large-scale landsliding is not a major problem in the study area.
The aims of this paper are : to establish the features and the spatial distribution of landslides in the coastal Asturian valley of the Meredal River; to build a chronological model of the temporal sequences of landslides; to set up the causes
This paper reviews the commonly available models used to model landslides. The main purpose is then to examine some of the wider issues associated with the developments that are required if we are to develop 3-D applications and to extrapolate
their use to long time scales. The paper does not discuss landslide hazard mapping models but concentrates on the 3-D and temporal problems associated with the modelling of single slides.
By studying the causal factors for landslides in a small mountainous area of Manjiya County, this paper tries to contribute to the restricted knowledge on landslides in East Africa. After a brief introduction of the study area and the spatial
distribution and characteristics of its landslides, the preconditions, preparatory and triggering causal factors for mass movement will be discussed with attention to their spatial variation.
The effects of logging on frequency and distribution of landslides in three watersheds on Vancouver Island, British Columbia
British Columbia ; Canada ; Human impact ; Impact ; Landslide ; Logging ; Mountain ; Road ; Spatial distribution ; Statistics ; Watershed
This paper examines landslide frequencies in 3 watersheds on Vancouver Island : the Macktush Creek watershed and the Artlish River and Nahwitti River watersheds. The objectives are to show that : the response of watersheds (in terms of landslide
occurences) to logging is highly variable; despite the variation, logging substantially increases landslide frequencies; and the type of analysis performed affects the interpretation of results, and the ability to make comparisons between studies.
Magnitude and frequency of landsliding in a large New Zealand catchment
Impact ; Land use ; Landslide ; New Zealand ; North Island ; Precipitation ; Rainstorm ; Reforestation ; Sediment budget ; Slope dynamics ; Watershed
This paper describes construction of relationships between storm magnitudes and rates of landsliding for different landscape units in the Waipaoa catchment. Results are used to calculate the average rate of sediment production from landsliding
and to predict the likely effects of reforestation on sediment production from landslides. The sensitivity of results to various potential sources of error is then evaluated.
The aim of this research has been the identification of the terrain attributes related to the occurrence of shallow landslides and to quantify their relative contribution to the instability of the slope. The most significant factors have been
included in a discriminant function in order to define landslide susceptibility classes. To this purpose the AA. have used a set of data that have been collected in the field. The validity of the discriminant function for landslide susceptibility assessment
The AA. investigate the role of human-environment interactions in the Flemish Ardennes, Flanders' most landslide-susceptible region. The establishment of a detailed landslide inventory brought insight into the spatial occurrence of landslides
and into the different landslide types and characteristics. The Flemish Ardennes is a region where humans play an active role with regard to landslide risk. Comparison of topographic maps (1777–2001) indicate that over the last 250 years buildings and other
infrastructures have been constructed on old landslides. Given that humans are living, working and driving on or close to unstable hillslopes, the landslide risk has therefore increased. The landslide inventory map and the landslide susceptibility map
The temporal stability and activity of landslides in Europe with respect to climatic change (TESLEC) : main objectives and results
Temporal stability and activity of landslides in Europe with respect to climatic change (TESLEC). Special issue
Climatic variation ; Europe ; Hydrology ; Landslide ; Mass movement ; Model ; Precipitation ; Research programme ; Slope ; Slope dynamics
The major aim of the European project The temporal stability and activity of landslides in Europe with respect to climatic change (TESLEC) was to investigate the interrelationship between landslides, climate and time. The research was focused on 3
main objectives : developing criteria for the recognition of landslides; reconstructing past distributions of landslide incidents and their relationship to climatic change parameters; and developing a hydrological and slope stability modelling framework
A methodological approach for the analysis of the temporal occurrence and triggering factors of landslides
Temporal stability and activity of landslides in Europe with respect to climatic change (TESLEC). Special issue
C 14 dating ; Cantabria ; Climatic variation ; Geochronology ; Human impact ; Landslide ; Methodology ; Mountain ; Quaternary ; Spain
The temporal occurence of landslides in an area of the Cantabrian Range during the last 120,000 years is analyzed. An initial relative chronology was established on the basis of aging degree and spatial relationships between landslides and glacial
and fluvial features. 10 landslide classes were thus identified and their chronological limits defined on the basis of 19 C 14 age determinations on fluvial and glacial deposits. The chronological classes identified were compared with existing climate models
for the region; the type and spatial distribution of landslides in each class were also analysed.
In this paper different types of hydrological triggering systems for debris flows, shallow and deeper landslides are described. The generation of surface run-off and high peak discharges in first order alpine catchments is an important triggering
mechanism for debris flows. The assessment of meteorological threshold conditions for shallow landslides needs more detailed meteorological information than for deeper landslides. In the analyses of the hydrological triggering systems of deeper landslides
Geomorphological study of the Fadalto landslide, Venetian Prealps, Italy
Special issue. Landslides in the European Union
Aerial photography ; Alps (The) ; Applied geomorphology ; Deglaciation ; Geomorphometry ; Geophysics ; Human impact ; Italy ; Land use ; Landslide ; Photointerpretation ; Quaternary ; Tectonics
This research deals with the Fadalto landslide, which took place in the Lateglacial and has continued its activity until today. The aim is to recognize how the landslide failed, the causes of such failure and the activity of this landslide
. The study of this landslide is important not only to understand the geomorphological history of this alpine area, and why the Piave River modified its course in the Late Pleistocene, but also the links with human activities, and specifically with the road
In this paper a statistical multivariate method, i.e., rare events logistic regression, is evaluated for the creation of a landslide susceptibility map in the Flemish Ardennes. The methodology is based on the hypothesis that future landslides
will have the same causal factors as the landslides initiated in the past. Significant model results were obtained, with pre-landslide hillslope gradient and 3 different clayey lithologies being important predictor variables. Receiver Operating
Characteristics (ROC) curves and the Kappa index were used to validate the model. The results allow to conclude that the model is capable of predicting hillslope sections prone to landsliding.
Mapping landslide susceptibility in Travis County, Texas, USA
Environmental management ; Fault ; Geographical information system ; Land use ; Landslide ; Natural hazards ; Slope dynamics ; Texas ; Thematic map ; United States of America ; Vegetation
A geographic information system (GIS) was used to construct a landslide hazard map for Travis County. The County is experiencing rapid growth, and development has encroached into unstable terrain that is vulnerable to landslides. Four layers of data
were superimposed to create the landslide hazard map. Slope was given the most emphasis, followed by geology, vegetation, and proximity to faults. The final map shows areas of low, medium, and high landslide susceptibility. Areas of high susceptibility
occupy stream and reservoir banks, rock escarpments, and agricultural land. The landslide hazard map can be a useful geologic criterion for land use planning.
Maps from 1904 and 1915 and air photographs from 1963, 1980, 1985, 1993 and 1996 provide a record of landslide incidence in a 92.1-km2 drainage basin, a headwater tributary of the Cho-shui River in Taiwan. Interpretation of landslide patterns from
the early maps indicate that in 4 sub-basins structural geological factors control chronic landsliding regularly reactivated by intense rains. Within these 4 sub-basins, all later air photographs reveal a continuing high incidence of landslides. Logging
activity, major road construction, and extreme typhoon and earthquake events produce short-term acceleration of landslide incidence.
Landslide susceptibility mapping by correlation between topography and geological structure : the Janghung area, Korea
Fault ; Geographical information system ; Geological structure ; Landslide ; Natural hazards ; Research technique ; South Korea ; Thematic map ; Topography
The aim of this study is to develop and apply the technique for landslide susceptibility analysis using geological structure in a Geographic Information System (GIS). In the Janghung area of Korea, landslide locations were detected from Indian
Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite images by change detection, where the geological structure of foliation was surveyed and analysed. The landslide occurrence factors (location of landslide, geological structure and topography) were constructed into a spatial
database. Using the geometrical relations, the landslide susceptibility was assessed and verified.
A case study dealing with landslide mapping along the Danube loess bluffs provides an understanding of the mapping concept and presents some conclusions on the influencing factors of mass movements.