Between 186 B.C. and A.D. 1987, landslides in China have illed more than 250 000 people. Besides an historical summary of these catastrophes, the A. offers a list of measures for reducing the landslide hazard. - (DWG)
Databases and GIS for landslide research in Europe
Special issue. Landslides in the European Union
Concept ; Data base ; Europe ; Forecast ; Geographical information system ; Landslide ; Model ; Natural hazards ; Precipitation
A review of the use of databases and GIS for landslide research has been accomplished. It shows a high potential of these techniques in storing spatial and temporal landslide data (landslide inventories) and in applying different modelling
approaches to landslide hazard assessments at various scales.
GIS-based landslide hazard assessment : an overview
Bibliography ; Concept ; Digital elevation model ; Geographical information system ; Landslide ; Natural hazards ; Slope
This paper deals with several aspects of landslide hazard assessment by presenting a focused review of GIS-based landslide hazard assessment : it starts with a framework for GIS-based assessment of landslide hazard; continues with a critical review
of the state of the art in using GIS and digital elevation models (DEM) for mapping and modelling landslide hazards; and concludes with a description of an integrated system for effective landslide hazard assessment and zonation incorporating artificial
Prediction of rainfall-triggered landslides : a test of the antecedent water status model
Applied geomorphology ; Forecast ; Landslide ; Natural hazards ; New Zealand ; North Island ; Precipitation ; Soil water ; Urban area ; Water balance
A rainfall-based landslide-triggering model, developed from previous landslide episodes in Wellington City, New Zealand is tested for its ability to provide a 24-hour forecast of lanslide occurrence. Together with the daily rainfall input, the soil
water status has been used empirically to identify a threshold condition for landslide triggering. The model produces a satisfactory level of prediction, particularly for periods of concentrated landslide activity.
This paper aims at illustrating an innovative method for mapping gravitational deposits by considering, in particular, their spatial and temporal relationships and by grouping them into homogeneous units called landslide units. This investigation
method has been applied to the area of Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italian Dolomites) where more than 30 landslides have been identified and grouped in 12 landslide units. The results are discussed.
Landslide locations and drainage network development : a case study of Hong Kong
Drainage network ; Geomorphometry ; Hong Kong ; Landslide ; Spatial analysis ; Spatial distribution ; Watershed
This research examined landslide locations with reference to theories of fluvial drainage development. In Hong Kong, eight small drainage basins were studied in which 451 landslides were recorded. Results have shown that landslide locations
are related to a headward progression of the drainage network integration, starting from the mainstream (the fifth order) up to the first order tributaries, indicated by the systematic variation between morphometric parameters and landslide density.
In the late Pleistocene, when the Piave glacier retreated from the end moraine system areas towards the Dolomitic region, several large landslides took place in the Belluno Prealps. The chronology of such landslides is mainly based on spatial
relationship between mass movements and glacial or fluvial features, but poorly based on radiometric dating. The aim of this study is improving the existing data set on landslide chronology to clarify the relationship between deglaciation and landslides
Automated mapping ; California ; Comparative study ; Discriminant analysis ; Landslide ; Model ; Natural hazards ; Thematic map ; United States of America
Genetic programming (GP) is presented as a technique to induce models that can be used with GIS data to map landslides hazard zones. This study explores the use of GP to discover causative or associative factors most important to landslides
and to induce a model for landslide hazard zoning using readily available data. The hazard maps are compared, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to a landslide-hazard map of the same area previously created by USGS (United States Geological Survey
Landslide incidence zonation in the Rio Mendoza valley, Mendoza Province, Argentina
Argentina ; Landslide ; Lithology ; Mendoza ; Natural hazards ; Slope gradient ; Thematic map ; Valley
This paper presents a landslide incidence zonation map showing the percentage of underlying material involved in mass-movement processes in the Rio Mendoza valley. A correlation has been found between the occurence of landslides, earthquakes
, and rainfall. The relation between lithology and landslides is clear : areas covered by friable sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Choiyoi Group are prone to debris flows and complex landslides. A general relation between slope and type of event is shown
Geomorphic imprint of landslides on alpine river systems, southwest New Zealand
Classification ; Impact ; Landslide ; Mountain ; New Zealand ; South Island ; Stream ; Watershed
An inventory of 846 mass movements, mainly landslides, in 2 alpine regions of southwest New Zealand was created to explore the geomorphic impacts of slope-failure processes on river channels and valley floors. A nominal classification system
is introduced for characterizing : the physical contact nature between landslides and river channels; and the resulting geomorphic consequences for drainage. Dominant persistent geomorphic imprints of bedrock landslides include channel occlusions and landslide
Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA
Debris flow ; Landslide ; Natural hazards ; Precipitation ; Risk management ; Seattle ; Slope ; Soil moisture ; Threshold ; United States of America ; Washington State
The AA. present an empirical approach to quantify the antecedent moisture conditions and rainstorm intensity and duration that have triggered shallow landsliding using 25 years of hourly rainfall data and a complementary record of lanslide
occurrence. Results are cast in terms of a hypothetical landslide warning system. Two widespread landslide events are correctly identified by the warning scheme; however, it is less accurate for more isolated landsliding.
Toward geomorphometric models for estimating landslide dynamics and forecasting landslide occurence in Japanese mountains
Forecast ; Geomorphometry ; Honshu ; Japan ; Landslide ; Lithology ; Mass movement ; Model ; Mountain ; Slope dynamics ; Slope gradient
This paper examines, first, physical properties of landslide materials and dynamics of landslide processes using such geomorphometric attributes as length of the landslide mass, the relative altitude and the area of the mass. Special attention
is paid to geology because morphometric characteristics of landslide mass differ with lithology. Next, to find the site conditions favorable for landslide occurence, the relation between lanslide volume and relief magnitude is examined. Relief magnitude
Landslide soils and geomorphology in Bridger-Teton National Forest, Northwest Wyoming
Clay mineral ; Forest ; Landslide ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Soil properties ; Typology ; United States of America ; Wyoming
In this study, soil and geomorphic properties related to landslide occurence were studied at 18 landslides in the Bridger-Teton National Forest (BTNF). Landslides were categorized as active or inactive based on geomorphic features. Landslide soil
characteristics including texture, shrink-swell potential, clay mineralogy, and horizonation were compared on active and inactive landslides. This study shows that soil characteristics and slope geomorphic properties may be useful for assessing landslide frequency
. The results support a hypothesis that landslide occurence in the BTNF is related to weathering of soil and unconsolidated material, which affects clay mineralogy.
Landslide inventories and their statistical properties
California ; Earthquake ; Erosion ; Forecast ; Guatemala ; Inventory ; Italy ; Landslide ; Meltwater ; Natural hazards ; Precipitation ; Statistical distribution ; Statistics ; Umbria ; United States of America
The AA. examine 3 well-documented landslide events, from Italy, Guatemala and the USA, each with a different triggering mechanism, and find that the landslide areas for all 3 are well approximated by the same three-parameter inverse-gamma
distribution. The AA. also introduce a landslide-event magnitude scale. This technique can be applied to inventories of historical landslides. The AA. suggest that their proposed frequency-size distributions for landslides (excluding rockfalls) will be useful
in quantifying the severity of landslide events and the contribution of landslides to erosion.
Alpes de Haute-Provence ; Alps (The) ; France ; Landslide ; Mass movement ; Methodology ; Natural hazards ; Slope ; Soil mechanics
This study focuses on the assessment of the hazard on local and regional scale of a particular type of mass movement, the landslide. The general aim is to extend the probabilistic soil mechanical approach to landslide hazard analysis. The study area
Presents a landslide hazard map of the Srinagar-Rudraprayag area in the vale of Kashmir. Quantitative date on landslides in different kinds of terrain and geological structure are examined, but not seismicity or precipitation. - (DWG)
Causes and remedial measures for rockfalls and landslides on Naina Peak, Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya, U.P., India
The rockfalls and landslides of this area are placed in their geological context. The progressive stages of the 1987 landslide are described over the 12-day period when this event occurred. Measures to stabilize the potential zone of future
Environmental correlations of landslide frequency along new highways in the Himalaya : preliminary results
This paper attempts to build the foundations for a descriptive statistical model of landslide frequency.This is to be constructed from easily recognised and measured environmental correlates of landslide activity. The objective is the creation
of an effective and inexpensive method of landslide hazard evaluation.
GIS-based regional landslide susceptibility mapping : a case study in southern California
California ; Cartography ; Coastal environment ; Earthquake ; Geographical information system ; Landslide ; Multivariate analysis ; Precipitation ; Risk ; Slope gradient ; United States of America
This paper presents : a) a GIS-based multivariate statistical approach for mapping landslide susceptibility, b) several dimensionless landslide susceptibility indexes developed to quantify and weight the influence of individual categories for given
potential risk factors on landslides and c) a case study in southern California, which uses 11 111 seismic landslide scars collected from previous efforts and 5389 landslide scars newly digitized from local geologic maps. In the case study, 7 potential risk
factors were selected to map landslide susceptibility.
Natural and human-induced landsliding in the Gharhwal Himalaya of northern India
Earthquake ; Fluvial erosion ; Garhwal ; Himalaya ; Human impact ; India ; Isotope dating ; Landslide ; Mountain ; Natural hazards ; Quaternary ; Soil erosion
After the March 28, 1999, Garhwal earthquake, 338 active landslides, including 56 earthquake-induced landslides, were mapped in the Garhwal Himalaya. These landslides many comprised shallow failures in regolith and highly weathered bedrock involving
avalanches, slides, and flows. Two-thirds of the landslides in this region were initiated or accelerated by human activity, mostly by the removal of slopes toes at road cuts, suggesting that human activity is accelerating denudation in this region. Three
ancient catastrophic landslides, each involving > 1 million m3 of debris, were identified and dated to the early-middle Holocene. Natural landsliding, therefore, contributes 5-50% of the overall denudation in this region.