Landscape ecology. Geographical research direction or an interdisciplinary research programme?
Ecologie du paysage ; Généralités sur la géographie ; Paysage ; Science du paysage
to the rational space organisation of landscape. As an interdisciplinary applied research programme it is open to biology and other landscapesciences. - (MS)
The landscape ecology existing in geography since the time of A. von HUMBOLDT, was named landscape physiology . Since C. TROLL (1939) obtained the name landscape ecology . From the point of view of geography it is a complex research aiming
Etudes théoriques de la science des paysages de la fin du XXème siècle (quelques sujets)
Cultural landscape ; Geosystem ; Landscape ; Landscape ecology ; Landscapescience ; Natural landscape ; Russia ; Scientific publication ; Theory ; Years 1980-89 ; Years 1990-99
Années 1980 ; Années 1990 ; Ecologie du paysage ; Géosystème ; Paysage ; Paysage culturel ; Paysage naturel ; Publication scientifique ; Russie ; Science du paysage ; Théorie
Analyse des publications sur 15 ans (1986-2000) principalement de la revue fédérative Geografiia dans la section Questions théoriques et générales de la science du paysage.
Discussion d'un nouveau concept interdisciplinaire, celui de paysage ethno-culturel. Le concept suggère une étude systématique des différents aspects du paysage culturel incluant ses purs éléments ethniques (science du paysage ethnique), des
interactions ethniques et de la nature (science du paysage ethno-naturelle), des modifications anthropiques (science du paysaage anthropique) et ses caractéristiques linguistiques (science du paysage linguistique).
Complexity is a concept that appears in the development of indicators for several landscape functions, including visual quality and biodiversity. This paper outlines the factors which constitute the dimensions of complexity perception.
[b1] Department of Landscape Planning, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Suede
[b2] Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norvege
The progress and perspectives of landscape ecology in China
China ; Concept ; Ecology ; Environmental management ; History of sciences ; Land use ; Landscape dynamics ; Landscape ecology ; Methodology ; Model
Chine ; Concept ; Dynamique du paysage ; Ecologie ; Ecologie du paysage ; Gestion de l'environnement ; Histoire des sciences ; Modèle ; Méthodologie ; Utilisation du sol
The major progress of landscape ecology in China was in the fields of land-use structure and ecological processes, landscape pattern and dynamics analysis, theoretical and methodological development, and landscape ecological applications. After
If it is to be a complete science of landforms and landscapes , geomorphology is not appropriately limited geographically to the terrestrial portions of Earth's surface. Various systems of landforms and their generative processes are best understood
biology, and a systems framework may prove to be particularly fruitful for understanding future extraterrestrial discoveries and the general nature of landforms and landscapes.
[b2] Dept. of Planetary Sciences, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Etats-Unis
This work analyses the different theories about the landscapescience, which have most interested followers at the present. The AA. had a critical approach to them and, finally, they deduced that a lot of times they are totally compatible, and even
Ecologie du paysage ; Fonction intégrative ; Paysage ; Politique régionale ; Science du paysage ; Théorie
Description de cinq niveaux d'intégration dans la science du paysage, à savoir la synthèse intrapaysagique, les relations avec les sciences de géographie physique spécifiques, la place dans le système des sciences de la Terre, les interactions avec
la géographie économique et sociale à travers l'écologie du paysage et le rôle de la science du paysage dans la politique régionale de l'Etat.
Once its mineral working operations cease, a quarry begins functioning in harmony with the landscape as a former mineral working site. That is when the biotic and abiotic elements arrive at a state of equilibrium. The scenic function of a quarry
should be interpreted as a set of elements, composed of escarpments, cliffs, spoil heaps, the state of exploitation. The paper discusses the impact of quarries on the landscape and their potential value for geotourism.
[b1] Faculty of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Pologne
Taking turns : landscape and environmental history at the crossroads
Methods and contents in landscape histories
Environment ; Epistemology ; History of sciences ; Landscape
Environnement ; Epistémologie ; Histoire des sciences ; Paysage
The paper explores the similarities and differences of the two fields (landscape and environmental history) and the current challenges and opportunities they face. It suggests that they have much to offer each other- especially when dealing
with the ‘urban realm’—without running the risk of losing their individual identities. It argues that the reasons for the lack of contact between the fields have been the small size, relative obscurity and ‘youth’ of landscape history, and the declensionist
Landscape Character Assessment as an Approach to Understanding Public Interests within the European Landscape Convention
England ; Landscape ; Perception ; Scotland ; United Kingdom
The European Landscape Convention's (ELC) definition of landscape, “an area, as perceived by people…”, places the public central to any understanding of landscape. This paper argues for ‘just’ involvement of the public and looks at how the focus
of landscape as a perceived entity has been taken up within Landscape Character Assessment (LCA), an approach applied in England and Scotland for implementing the ELC. Based on a conceptual framework grounded in perception as a phenomenological experience
of landscape and informed by principles of participation, LCAs from 2007 to 2011 have been assessed as to how public involvement has been considered. The results show that only a quarter of all assessments accessed involved the public, and that among
Researching militarized landscapes : a literature review on war and the militarization of the environment
Conflict ; Inter-disciplinary approach ; Landscape ; Militarization ; Research ; War ; environment ; landscape ; militarization ; military environmentalism
, earth sciences and archaeology. It is structured around the areas of preparing for war, the battlefield, and the homefront. The challenge is to explore how war and landscapes reciprocally reproduce each other across time and space.
The article critically assesses literature on militarized landscapes. It argues that alongside increasing public and media attention, militarized landscapes are a burgeoning area of inquiry in a variety of disciplines, including geography, history
Effects of depopulation, farm family income and changes in agricultural practices, etc. have resulted in the abandonment or destruction of traditional mountainous landscapes. An image-based stated choice survey was applied to explore the effects
of various landscape change processes on the preferences of a mostly urban sample (N = 410). The 128 digitally generated landscape scenarios represented various kinds and intensities of agricultural and tourism use of a historic terraced area in Austria
. Latent class segmentations identified four segments, with different preferences for natural, managerial and social landscape features. While a preference for a more complex, mysterious and natural landscape was found for three segments, one segment
preferred more open landscapes. The results indicate that landscape change can affect humans in different ways, and that evolutionary and cultural preference theories are useful in explaining landscape preferences.
[b1] BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria and Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, Vienna, Austria
[b2] BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria and Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, Vienna, Austria
Biography ; Geographer's role ; Human impact ; Hungary ; Landscape ; Landscape dynamics ; Landscapescience ; Twentieth Century
Action anthropique ; Biographie ; Dynamique du paysage ; Hongrie ; Paysage ; PÉCSI (M.) ; Rôle du géographe ; Science du paysage ; Siècle 20
the influence of ecology on the landscapescience. Some of his conclusions; the relationship between the environmental science and the geography, the human influence on the landscape development, modelling of the landscape processes are valids even today. - (AM)
Márton Pécsi leading personality of the Hungarian physical geography during the second half of the last century was geomorphologist basically. But he was able to accept, and make use the new results of the landscape research, first of all
Aesthetics ; Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Cultural patrimony ; Farm ; Landscape evaluation ; Leisure ; Sweden ; agriculture ; biodiversity ; cultural heritage ; farm plan ; integration ; landscape values ; recreation
originating from the natural sciences and the design traditions of landscape architecture to analyse and develop assessments of landscape values with the aim of improving multifunctionality by integrating these values. Finally, we discuss how the design
, landscape and social aspects. In addition, relationships in the form of trade-offs between different landscape values such as biodiversity, cultural heritage, recreation and aesthetics have been little studied. This case study of a farm in southern Sweden
explores the synergies and conflicts that can arise between these landscape values when planning at the farm scale. The results demonstrated that it was not easy to integrate the considered landscape values in practice, though we are often asked for them
approach of landscape architects can contribute to developing multifunctional farm plans and how the design process results in farm-specific solutions.
[b1] Landscape Architecture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
[b2] Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
[b3] Landscape Architecture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
Following the previous report on this subject, published in 2007, there has been a very substantial increase in publications relevant to landscape ecology. The continuing identity crisis of landscape ecology is described and recent literature
in the field is then summarized under the following headings : Landscape ecology and climate research; Alternatives to fragmentation and the patch-based model - the links between pattern and process; Fragmentation research; Methodology and techniques
in landscape ecology; and Connectivity and graph theoretical approaches. The review concludes that landscape ecology now represents one important focus within biogeography, linked to ecological biogeography, and takes its place alongside other key foci
, including macroecology, palaeoecology and soil science/pedology.
Envisioning future landscapes in the Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Scotland
Environment ; Land use ; Nature conservation ; Resource management ; Rural landscape ; Scotland ; United Kingdom
These areas make a substantial contribution to the regulation of landscape change. Visual changes to landscapes are predicted through impact assessment procedures and computer manipulation of photographic images. The methodological requirements
are outlined. Such approaches to landscape change are an essential foundation for the development of environmental cost-benefit analyses.
[b1] Dep. of Environmental Science, Univ., Stirling, Royaume-Uni