Two cases of dramatic landscape change, in the contrastinggeographies and political contexts of New Zealand and Palestine, are presented. The first example is located within a benign context and the other in an area of extreme conflict. Nonetheless
in both cases the changes described have striking visible impact on the landscape and significant flow-on effects, some of them intangible and unquantifiable, on the well-being of the people who inhabit these landscapes. These cases present the two ends
of a spectrum in which the hypothesis of a world landscape convention inspired by the ELC is relevant.
Effects of depopulation, farm family income and changes in agricultural practices, etc. have resulted in the abandonment or destruction of traditional mountainous landscapes. An image-based stated choice survey was applied to explore the effects
of various landscape change processes on the preferences of a mostly urban sample (N = 410). The 128 digitally generated landscape scenarios represented various kinds and intensities of agricultural and tourism use of a historic terraced area in Austria
. Latent class segmentations identified four segments, with different preferences for natural, managerial and social landscape features. While a preference for a more complex, mysterious and natural landscape was found for three segments, one segment
preferred more open landscapes. The results indicate that landscape change can affect humans in different ways, and that evolutionary and cultural preference theories are useful in explaining landscape preferences.
2011
[b1] BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria and Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, Vienna, Austria
[b2] BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria and Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, Vienna, Austria
Cultural landscape evaluation and possibilities for future development - a case study of the island of Krk (Croatia)
Agricultural landscape ; Agricultural modernization ; Agriculture ; Croatia ; Cultural landscape ; Island ; Patrimony ; Protected area ; Regional development ; Rural landscape ; Site preservation
The main purpose is to show the method of agricultural landscape evaluation and possibilities for future development as well as the protection of outstanding agricultural landscapes, based on a case study in island of Krk, Croatia. Possible
structural changes of those landscapes are considered and a proposal for the strategy of the preservation of valuable landscape heritage on Krk is formulated. For field landscapes the preservation is possible through the modernization of agricultural
Cultural landscape ; Cultural studies ; History ; Hungary ; Landscape ; Local economy ; Regional development
The paper summarises the history and development of the cultural landscape Jazygia from a cultural geographical perspective. The characteristic of the landscape is discussed together with the development of Upper and Lower Jazygia. The most relevant
historical, cultural and economic features of the landscape are introduced as well. - (AM)
Cultural Landscape and Goldfield Heritage: Towards a Land Management Framework for the Historic South-West Pacific Gold Mining Landscapes
Australia ; Australia-New Zealand history ; Cultural heritage ; Cultural landscape ; Gold ; Land management ; Landscape ; Mine ; New Zealand ; Site preservation ; World Heritage designation ; landscape classification ; landscape history ; mining
This article investigates how cultural landscapes (especially the potentially limiting organically evolved landscape) can be used as a research framework to evaluate historical mining heritage sites in Australia and New Zealand. We argue that when
mining heritage sites are read as evolved organic landscapes and linked to the surrounding forested and hedged farmland, the disruptive aspects of mining are masked. Cultural landscape is now a separate listing for World Heritage sites and includes
associative and designed landscape as well as those that have evolved organically. These usages have rarely been scrutinized with care. We analyse how mid-nineteenth century goldmining sites can be best thematically interpreted and understood
cultural landscapes based upon analysis of gold-rush heritage sites throughout the Trans-Tasman world. We evaluate and apply this framework to place-based case studies in Victoria, Australia and Otago, New Zealand.
Taking turns : landscape and environmental history at the crossroads
Methods and contents in landscape histories
Environment ; Epistemology ; History of sciences ; Landscape
The paper explores the similarities and differences of the two fields (landscape and environmental history) and the current challenges and opportunities they face. It suggests that they have much to offer each other- especially when dealing
with the ‘urban realm’—without running the risk of losing their individual identities. It argues that the reasons for the lack of contact between the fields have been the small size, relative obscurity and ‘youth’ of landscape history, and the declensionist
The European landscape convention, wind power, and the limits of the local : notes from Italy and Sweden
Conflict ; Energy ; Energy policy ; Europe ; European convention ; Italy ; Landscape ; Sweden ; Wind energy
The European Landscape Convention is the first international agreement to deal with all aspects of landscape planning, protection, and management. It emphasizes transparency, democracy, and good governance as integral parts of landscape
Situation wanted : using workforce characteristics to understand the cultural landscape of New Orleans
Methods and contents in landscape histories
Association ; Cultural landscape ; Cultural studies ; Garden ; Gardening ; Historical geography ; Louisiana ; New Orleans ; United States of America ; Urban landscape
Using research methodologies of cultural geographers, the paper looks at information about 18th- and 19th-century life in order to gain a better understanding of the evolution of this city’s cultural landscape. Investigating immigrant and local
garden workers reveals strata about the community’s landscape heritage heretofore ignored. Horticultural commerce provided vehicles through which local residents participated in cross-cultural associations, thereby creating distinctive landscapes.
The landscape character has become a topical issue in many European countries as well as in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia in the 90s. Since that period a lot of scientists and experts of various disciplines have been solving problems
of the landscape character, the question of its terminology and evaluation. The article is based on results of a master thesis, which deals with preventive landscape character assessment (LCA ). Proposed methodology of LCA was applied in the southwestern part
Aesthetics ; Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Cultural patrimony ; Farm ; Landscape evaluation ; Leisure ; Sweden ; agriculture ; biodiversity ; cultural heritage ; farm plan ; integration ; landscape values ; recreation
, landscape and social aspects. In addition, relationships in the form of trade-offs between different landscape values such as biodiversity, cultural heritage, recreation and aesthetics have been little studied. This case study of a farm in southern Sweden
explores the synergies and conflicts that can arise between these landscape values when planning at the farm scale. The results demonstrated that it was not easy to integrate the considered landscape values in practice, though we are often asked for them
originating from the natural sciences and the design traditions of landscape architecture to analyse and develop assessments of landscape values with the aim of improving multifunctionality by integrating these values. Finally, we discuss how the design
approach of landscape architects can contribute to developing multifunctional farm plans and how the design process results in farm-specific solutions.
2011
[b1] Landscape Architecture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
[b2] Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
[b3] Landscape Architecture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
For my children : different functions of the agricultural landscape and attitudes of farmers on different areas of Greece towards small scale landscape change
Agricultural landscapes are valued with different sets of criteria by different actors and stakeholders, including farmers. Farmers’ attitudes and opinions towards small scale landscape change in different areas of Greece are presented. The areas
are very different in terms of landscape and the driving forces of landscape change, with intense urban sprawl in Koropi urbanization in Mytilini and abandonment in Kentriko Zagori. The comparison of the attitudes, the evaluations and justifications farmers
offer for landscape change is used to understand the dynamics of this change. Conflicts between the different roles are evident and the attitudes reveal an antithesis between deep attachment to the land and farming traditions on the one hand and market
This paper presents and discusses a procedure for measuring landscape openness, which is an important characteristic of the visual landscape. The procedure aims to ensure the quality of descriptions of landscape openness while being flexible enough
Indicators for the Identification of Cultural Landscape Hotspots in Europe
Cultural landscape ; Europe ; Identification ; Indicator ; Landscape ; Marginality ; Peripheral region ; Tradition ; case studies ; hotspots ; indicators ; traditional cultural landscapes
Hotspots of traditional cultural landscapes in Europe can be found in locations which meet a specific set of characteristics. These characteristics were defined in a study based on literature review, content analysis and two case studies conducted
in peripheral regions of Europe. The preconditions for hotspots of traditional cultural landscapes seem to be geographic, economic, infrastructural and political isolation, marginal agricultural land and often a population that differs from the surrounding
national mainstream. These indicators are exemplified in two case studies. Based on field work carried out in Las Hurdes, in Spain, and Gyimes, in Romania, I argue that the factors that once enabled unique cultural landscapes to emerge are also those
that nowadays help to preserve them as islands or hotspots in a globalized, and increasingly more uniform world. Finding and monitoring these traditional cultural landscape hotspots in Europe is the first prerequisite for systematically studying and eventually
protecting them. But existing inventory, monitoring and policy approaches have not been designed and hence are not fully able to identify regions with traditional cultural landscapes. The indicators presented in this study can be used to identify such regions.
2011
[b1] Institute for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg, Germany
Diversity Indices as 'Magic' Tools in Landscape Planning: A Cautionary Note on their Uncritical Use
Agro-ecology ; Biodiversity ; Diversity theory ; Index ; Landscape ; Planning ; agro-ecology ; biodiversity ; disturbance ; diversity indices ; landscape planning
Diversity indices are often considered by landscape planners as easy to calculate and informative for planning procedures. The main objective of many landscape planners using such indices is 'to obtain the magic number'. The misinterpretation
of the real significance of diversity values that this indicates is alarming because it could induce conceptual traps and the promotion of poor strategies for ecosystem and landscape management with serious ecological, economic, and political implications
France ; Public sector ; Urban construction ; Urban landscape ; Urban renewal ; Urbanism
Analysis of landscapes designed for shared residential projects created during the period of post-war France (1945–1975). The three cases studies presented—La Butte Rouge, La Maurelette and Les Chatillons—are part of a larger examination of more
than 200 projects realised during this time. The methods include cartographic and textual analyses, on-site verifications, and archival studies. These projects represent a little-known stratum within landscape research. By revealing the landscape
Landscape democracy in a globalizing world : the case of Tange Lake
Decision making process ; Democracy ; Denmark ; Landscape esthetics ; Reservoir ; Rural landscape
The main topic of the article is the question of landscape democracy in a world where local issues are seldom just local. This topic is treated both in general terms and in relation to one particular case : the artificial Tange Lake in Denmark
. The first part identifies the most important international drivers that have influenced landscape development in the area directly or indirectly through the actions of a variety of local actors with conflicting conceptions of landscape quality. Three basic
How do we accommodate new landuses in traditional landscapes ? Remanence of landscapes, resilience of areas, resistance of people
Brittany ; France ; Land use ; Landscape ; Sense of belonging ; Spatial dynamics ; Territorial development
The central question is how to accommodate new land uses in traditional landscapes. It cannot be approached without reference to some other topical issues, as the development of renewable energies, the spreading of green networks, the maintenance
(or return) of sustainable agriculture. With examples from Brittany, it opens up a number of principles, as acceptable scale of development, adjustment to land resources, and maintenance of multi-functionality. The landscape expertise might be useful
Acid mine drainage containing toxic contaminants is a major cause of landscape degradation at numerous historic mine sites in Europe. Risk assessment of acid mine drainage and related polluted lands requires an approach that is able to study
the complexity of pollution emissions and impacted landscapes. The objective of this paper is to link geochemical contaminant fate modelling and landscape analysis for the risk assessment of acid mine drainage along the source-pathway-receptor chain. A simple
geochemical landscape analysis tool is developed using landscape ecology spatial analysis and geochemical modelling methods. A case study is presented for the analysis of geochemical landscapes in central Sweden. Results show that the method can be used
efficiently for the risk assessment of toxic mine contaminants in the complex wetland landscape in the study area.
Research of historical landscape by using old maps with focus to its positional accuracy
Cartography ; Comparative study ; Czech Republic ; Geographical information system ; Historical mapping ; Landscape ; Landscape analysis ; Landscape structure ; Old map ; Středočeský
Old maps are an important historical source for exploring historical landscapes. They are often used as cartographic bases for studying structural changes and reconstruction of land use. This study is concerned with comparison of positional accuracy
Capitalizing on the carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry in Germany’s agricultural landscapes : realigning the climate change mitigation and landscape conservation agendas
The paper calls for greater integration of scattered trees into agricultural landscapes, hypothesizing that agroforestry practices effectively store carbon and deliver other important ecosystem services. Several agroforests from the Upper Lusatia