Local economic policy and job creation : a review of evaluation studies
Allocation ; Cost-benefit analysis ; Economic impact ; Economic policy ; Economic theory ; Induced effect ; Job creation ; Local economy ; Methodology ; Multiplicator ; United Kingdom
The paper focuses on a number of leading evaluation studies which have examined major economic policy initiatives in Great Britain, such as the Urban Programme, Enterprise Zones and the Regional Enterprise Grant. The first part considers
the background to the growth in evaluation studies, the methodological difficulties and the merits of using job creation as a measure of success. The second part consists of a review of nine major studies which have been completed in the last eight years.
Evaluation of local economic development : a challenge for policy research
Economic policy ; Job creation ; Local development ; Local economy ; Regional policy
This paper suggests the benefits of placing evaluation in a broader context of performance measures which reflects more fully the objectives of the policy and allows greater insights into comparative effectiveness and thus influences
Rural-urban migration and unemployment : theory and policy implications
Economic equilibrium ; Employment ; Job creation ; Living standard ; Regional economy ; Regional model ; Rural outmigration ; Unemployment ; Urban immigration
that it is unique. Two policies are considered : decreasing urban unemployment benefits and subsidizing urban employment. Decreasing the unemployment benefit in the city creates urban jobs and reduces rural–urban migration since new migrants have to spend some time
unemployed before they can find a job in the city. Raising employment subsidies increases urban employment but may also increase urban unemployment because it triggers more rural–urban migration.
Economic impact ; Job creation ; KwaZulu-Natal ; Rural community ; Rural planning ; South Africa ; Tourism ; Tourism policy
Many of the tourism policies and strategies in South Africa have been formulated with the intention of supporting communities by affording them opportunities for job creation, employment and poverty alleviation. Nevertheless, communication between
This paper looks at the impacts across European countries of homeownership and transaction costs on job tenure. The results indicate that homeownership reduces job mobility as well as the probability of becoming unemployed or economically inactive
. It is found, however, that this effect is severely mitigated by two factors. First, it decreases when aggregate homeownership rates are higher. Thus, homeowners have larger job tenures, but more so in countries with low homeownership rates. Second, transaction
[b2] CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Hague, Pays-Bas
Knowledge-based spatial differences in economic activity, job related migration and housing related migration
in the latter sector is presented. An empirical analysis of the differences between job-related migration and housing-related migration in the U.S. is conducted, finding that these two streams are indeed in-line with the model's prediction. Implications
Measuring micro- and macro-impacts of regional development policies : the case of the Northeast Regional fund (FNE) industrial loans in Brazil, 2000–2006
Brazil ; Impact ; Industry ; Job creation ; Manpower ; North East ; Productivity ; Regional development ; Regional policy
This paper examines the micro- and macro-impacts of regional development policies in Brazil. To do so, it measures the impact of the Northeast regional fund (FNE) industrial loans on employment and labour productivity growth at the micro- (firm
) level and on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth at macro- (municipalities, micro-regions and spatial clusters) levels. The results results show a positive and statistically significant impact of the FNE industrial loans on job creation
Development policy in Puerto Rico, 1952-1980 : an example of successful industrial decentralization
Using incentives such as tax exemptions, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has succeeded in decentralizing industry to some extent. In 1952, San Juan had 30 percent of industrial jobs on the island, but in 1980 this figure had fallen to 21 percent
Residential and job mobility : interregional variation and their interplay in US metropolitan areas
This study explores how region-wide residential and job mobility rates vary in the US and identifiesfactors that shape their variation with emphasis on the interplay between the two mobility variablesfor the periods before (2005–2007) and during
(2008–2010) the recent recession. An analysis of the data for 342 US metropolitan areas shows that job mobility had a sizable positive impact on residential mobility during both time spans, while the reverse connection was found to be relatively weaker
[b1] Dept. of Planning, Policy , and Design, Univ. of California, Irvine, Etats-Unis
Economic impact ; Enquiry ; South Africa ; Tourism ; Tourism policy
Several countries recognise the developmental benefits of encouraging backpacker tourism. This paper contributes towards strategic policy development for backpacker tourism in South Africa. The findings of a consumer survey of 292 international
backpackers point to six key issues for strategic intervention : marketing, limites holidays jobs, lack of information, poor offerings, poor public transport and underdevelopment of domestic backpacking. - (AJC)
De Randstad. Problemen van stedelijke onevenwichtigheid en perspectieven van stedelijk vernieuwingsbeleid. (Randstad Holland. Problems of urban inbalances and perspectives of urban renewal policies)
The western urbanised part of the Netherlands is faced with problems in three levels. On the macro-level the Randstad is not a functionally integrated world city. On the meso-level, the inner structure of the Randstad area (dislocation of jobs
The provision and impact of job-related formal training in a local labour market
Employment ; Employment policy ; England ; Enquiry ; Firm strategy ; Induced effect ; Labour mobility ; Local labour market ; Manpower ; Multivariate analysis ; Professional training ; United Kingdom ; West Midlands