A computer model along a flow-line of an ice dome: captured ice shelf
Floating ice ; Glacial flow ; Glacier mass balance ; Ice ; Numerical model ; Skane ; Sweden
The paper examines the captured ice shelf hypothesis through the construction of a numerical model. Based on ice surface elevation, ice thickness, and ground topography, the velocity is calculated. The thickness is adjusted, taking into account
The East Antarctic sea-ice zone : ice characteristics and drift
In this paper sea ice interactions with atmosphere and ocean are illustrated by a summary of results from process studies over land-fast ice near Mawson, Antarctica. New data are then presented on the drift and characteristics (particularly ice type
and ice thickness) of the pack ice in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean.
This paper investigates the occurrence of subsurface ice in a periglacial environment and addresses the potential for its preservation in a high arctic environment such as Bylot Island. The processes associated with the burial of glacial, icing
and permanent snow bank ice are discussed, and specific examples are given from 3 different environments (ice-cored moraines, ice-cored deltas and icings). The impacts of thermokarst and retrogressive thaw flow erosion on the preservation of ground ice are also
The basal ice and debris sequence at the margin of an equatorial ice cap| El Cotopaxi, Ecuador
This paper describes the basal ice sequence observed at the margins of two glaciers descending from the ice cap of El Cotopaxi, an active volcano, and considers the implications of these observations for the understanding of basal ice processes
An observational study of summertime ice formation a the Ice Valley in Milyang, Korea
Air temperature ; Geophysics ; Glaciology ; Ice ; Seasonal variation ; Soil moisture ; South Korea ; Summer ; Temperature ; Valley ; Wind speed
Ice Valley at Milyang is a famous summer resort in that natural ice freezes during hot season from early April to late August along a mountain slope. The results of observations during June 3 to 5, 1997, support the selective convection theory
in winter and summer as a thermal filter for the ice formation. However, the detail of the mysterious behavior of Ice Valley's ice remains unveiled.
Calculating basal temperatures in ice sheets : an excel spreadsheet method
Antarctica ; Glaciology ; Ice ; Ice sheet ; Model ; Numerical model ; Quaternary ; Scotland ; Temperature ; Thermal regime ; United Kingdom
The flow of ice sheets and their geomorphological impact is greatly influenced by their basal thermal regime. In this paper the AA. introduce an Excel spreadsheet method for calculating basal ice temperature along a one-dimensional flowline
of an ice sheet. The first example provides a calculation of basal thermal regime beneath the north eastern part of the Scottish ice sheet during the last glacial maximum, the second shows how basal ice temperatures can be calculated beneath the modern
Continental ice sheets and the planetary radiation budget
The interaction between continental ice sheets and the planetary radiation budget is potentially important in climate-sensitivity studies. A simple ice-sheet model incorporated in an energy-balance climate model provides a tool for studying
this interaction in a quantitative way. Experiments in which the ice-sheet model is coupled step by step to the climate model show that ice sheets hardly affect the zonal mean radiation balance because the albedo feedback due to sea ice and snow cover is dominating
. The model requires a 5% drop in the solar constant to create ice sheets of ice-age size. If the feedback between surface elevation and ice-mass balance is included (in very crude way), the ice-sheet size (L, mesured southward from 70N) becomes much more
sensitive to insolation. For a range of normalized solar constants, roughly from 0.98 to 1.02, two stable solutions exist: L0 and L2000 km. This result demonstrates that the response of ice sheets to insolation variations is far from linear. It also stresses
the need for explicit modeling of the ice-mass balance of ice sheets, particularly its dependence on surface elevation.
The A. reviews various prescriptions and parameterizations for snow and ice albedo which have been employed in sea-ice model simulations. Sea-ice albedo is also briefly discussed in terms of its interactions with ice thickness and atmospheric
conditions (radiation balance, clouds) in modelled atmospheres. Some recommendations for improving sea-ice albedo representation in numerical models are proposed.
This paper reviews the current understanding of anchor ice formation in polar marine environments. Supercooled water is a necessity for anchor ice to form and frazil adhesion is the most likely common mechanism for initial anchor ice growth. Strong
biological zonation has led some authors to suggest that anchor ice does not form to depths of greater than 33 m, yet in Antarctica there appear to be no physical reasons for such a limit given the production of supercooled water to substantial depths
associated with ice shelves. Future work should focus on the potential extent of anchor ice production and identify the key oceanographic, glaciological and meteorological conditions conducive to its formation.
Examples of ice pack rigidity and mobility characteristics determined from ice motion
A method has been developed to determine ice pack rigidity and mobility using observed ice motion. Using this method, one may determine how solidly the ice pack is frozen in near real-time. Various degrees of ice rigidity are considered using
remotely-sensed ice motion off the N coast of Alaska during 1975 and 1979.
Identification of annual layers in superimposed ice from Storoyjokulen in northeastern Svalbard
This pilot study shows that the identification of summer surfaces in superimposed ice is possible on ice caps like Storoyjokulen which, in turn, means that the dating of this ice is possible.
The Antarctic ice sheet : an analog for Northern hemisphere paleo-ice sheets? in Models in geomorphology.
How glaciological processes can interact to control global ice-sheet fluctuations during a glacial cycle and where analogies with the Arctic can be drawn.
On the possibility of cyclic recurrence of ice ages during the Neogene
Author investigates the possibility of cyclic recurrence of ice during the Neogene. Firstly, the main concepts regarding the reasons behind the emergence of ice ages are discussed and evaluated. Then author concentrates on the main triggers of ice
Isotope characterisation of ground ice in northern Canada
Special Issue : Stable isotopes and geochemistry of ground ice
Arctic Region ; C 14 dating ; Canada ; Cold area ; Geochemistry ; Ground ice ; Ice wedge ; Isotope analysis ; Oxygen 18 ; Permafrost ; Pingo ; Polar region
This paper reviews isotopic research on the characterisation and identification of various types of ground ice throughout the Canadian Arctic, including buried glacier ice, massive segregated ice, segregated ice lenses and offshore ice-rich
permafrost, as well as ice related to other cold-region phenomena such as ice wedges, icings (aufeis), frost blisters and pingos. The formational age of ground ice bodies ranges from recent (seasonal ice in the active layer) to tens of thousands of years
, when the region experienced widespread continental-scale glaciation. The ratios O 18/O 16 are analysed. Placing the ice bodies into a time frame can be accomplished either through age dating of the enclosing sediments and encased organics, or by direct
dating of the ice utilising tritium (3H) for relatively young ice and radiocarbon (14C) analysis of contained gas bubbles for older ice.
Canada ; Glacial features ; Glaciation ; Glacier ; Glacier dynamics ; Glacier fluctuation ; Hydrodynamics ; Ice core ; Little ice age ; Moraine ; Yukon
The extensive occurrence of glacier ice cores to landforms and deposits of the Neoglacial and Little Ice Age periods in the St Elias Mountains of the Southwest Yukon is described.
A distinction between ice-pushed and ice-lifted landforms on lacustrine and marine coasts
The distinction between the processes of ice push, and ice lifting and rafting is made in this work from a study of the occurrence of boulder barricades in a small lake, Second Roach Pond, in northern Maine. A classification of shoreline features
Late Devensian ice-sheet in the western Grampians, Scotland
A radial pattern of ice flow of the last ice-sheet in the largest source area of ice in the British Isles is demonstrated by the dispersal of indicator erratics and by patterns of striae, friction cracks and ice-moulded landforms.