Evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological models
Conceptual model ; Evapotranspiration ; Hydrology ; Methodology ; Model ; Soil moisture ; Water budget ; Water cycle
This paper firstly summarizes the evapotranspiration estimation methods applied in hydrological models and then classifies them into the integrated converting methods and the classification gathering methods by their mechanism. Integrated converting
methods are usually used in hydrological models and 2 differences exist among them : one is in the potential evaporation estimation methods, while the other is in the function for defining relationship between potential evaporation and actual
evapotranspiration. Different evapotranspiration calculation methods are used depending on the complexity of the hydrological model, and importance and difficulty in the selection of the most suitable evapotranspiration methods is discussed. Finally, this paper
points out the prospective development trends of the evapotranspiration estimating methods in hydrological modeling.
2013
[b5] Dep. of Hydrology and Water Management, Inst. of Physical Geography and Environmental Planning, Adam Mickiewicz Univ., Poznan, Pologne
The hydrological properties and the effects of hydration on vegetative ash from the Northern Rockies, USA
Ash ; Duricrust ; Fire ; Hydrology ; Mineralogy ; Montana ; Rocky Mountains ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; United States of America ; Water erosion
This study investigated the physical (particle size and shape, particle density, bulk density and porosity) chemical (mineralogy and elemental composition) and hydrologic (water retention, hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity) characteristics
. Results of this study indicate that variation in the hydrological response of ash can be partially explained by differences in ash characteristics associated with combustion temperature. Furthermore while ash color is often used as an indicator of burn
severity it may not be an accurate indicator regarding the hydrologic response of ash in post-fire systems. Instead carbonate content is suggested as a more informative aid in predicting post-fire hydrologic response.
Climate change will affect hydrological cycle and water resources in the Alps. Here we sketched potential future (2045-2054) hydrological cycle under prospective climate change scenarios within an Alpine river of Italy: Serio (ca. 300 km2). Therein
, hydrology is highly dependent upon snow cover cycle, very likely to be affected by climate changes. We set up and validated a hydrological model able to mimic water resources regime of the river. We then use downscaled future temperature and precipitation
from two general circulation models GCMs to feed the hydrological model and obtain projected hydrological regimes, at flow sections at different altitudes within the catchment. The scenarios and storylines from the adopted GCMs differ from one another
with respect to projected precipitation and temperature amount, but agree upon decrease of the former and increase of the latter. All hydrological scenarios agree upon prospective shrinkage of seasonal snow cover due to increased temperature, and upon
Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs )are discussed and comparisons of model inputs and formulations are made among and between DGVMs and global hydrological models. It is shown that the configuration of process representations and data inputs
are what makes a given DGVM unique within the family of vegetation models. The variety of available climatic forcing datasets introduces uncertainty into simulations of hydrological variables. It is proposed that satellite-derived data, validated thoroughly
Simulated effect of soil depth and bedrock topography on near-surface hydrologic response and slope stability
Georgia (USA) ; Hydrology ; Landslide ; Mass movement ; Model ; Slope dynamics ; Soil water ; Topography ; United States of America ; Watershed
This paper explores the effect of hillslope hydrological behavior on slope stability in the context of transient subsurface saturation development and landslide triggering. The AA. perform a series of virtual experiments to address how subsurface
models should consider the subsurface topography in order to include a connectivity component in the mathematical description of hydrological processes operating at the hillslope scale.
GIS-based hydrological zones and soil geo-database of Ethiopia
of the layers for the hydrological zoning. Results from this study provide valuable information about the hydrological zones of Ethiopia and an improved spatial soil database at 1:250,000 scale for the first time. Generated maps and zones will improve
the hydrological understanding of the various regions of the country.
Hydrological shifts and tree growth responses to river modification along the Apalachicola River, Florida
Climatic change ; Dam ; Dendrochronology ; Dendrology ; Floodplain ; Florida ; Forest ; Human impact ; Hydraulic works ; Hydrological regime ; Stream ; United States of America
Shifts in the hydrologic regime of Florida's Apalachicola River have been attributed to anthropogenic changes throughout its watershed, including local dam construction. To assess impacts of those shifts on floodplain forests, the AA. reconstructed
tree growth using dendrochronology and compared these trends with hydrological and climatic variables. Comparisons of stream-gage data before and after dam construction on the Apalachicola River revealed statistically significant mean declines in annual
Changes in ecosystem structure, function and hydrological connectivity control water, soil and carbon losses in semi-arid grass to woody vegetation transitions
Carbon ; Connectivity ; Ecosystem ; Erosion budget ; Grassland ; Hydrology ; Impact ; New Mexico ; Precipitation ; Scrub ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; United States of America ; Water erosion
The AA. investigate changing hydrological connectivity as an emergent property of changing ecosystem structure over 2 contrasting semi-arid grass to woody vegetation transitions in New Mexico. Vegetation structure is quantified to evaluate if it can
be used to explain observed variations in water, sediment and carbon fluxes. Hydrological connectivity is quantified using a flow length metric, combining topographic and vegetation cover data. Results demonstrate that the 2 woody-dominated sites have
counterparts. Woody sites erode more and lost more organic carbon than grasslands. Finally, hydrological connectivity (expressed as mean flowpath length) is discussed as a meaningful measure of the interaction between structure and function and how
Today flash floods are one of the most significant extreme weather-related natural hazards. Due to the global climate change and altered land use, intense runoff and flash floods may exert catastrophic hydrologic impacts on developed areas
Soil erosion and hydrology of the western Mediterranean badlands throughout rainfall simulation experiments : A review
simulations are well suited to 1) analyse runoff-infiltration processes and sediment detachment within badlands, and 2) to establish the factors determining the hydrological and erosion response at interrill scale in badland areas. Rainfall simulations
The study focuses on specific geomorphic, climatic and hydrological factors influencing the channel and interfluve dynamics in 4 main watersheds : Vedea (including its tributary Teleorman River), Călmăţui, Neajlov and Mostiştea. Each factor
is analyzed in order to identify the threshold values for the occurrence of the geomorphological and hydrological processes that negatively impact the environment and society. At the same time, based on certain specific parameters of the 3 discussed factors
2013
[b2] Fac. of Geography, Dept. of Hydrology and Meteorology, Univ., Bucarest, Roumanie
This study seeks to assess the effect of agricultural terraces, irrigation channels, trails, and land abandonment on the hydrological connectivity of a small catchment and its consequences on predicting rates of soil erosion under 4 different
scenarios of land uses. The AA. tackle this goal by running a complex index of hydrological connectivity and a semi-physically based model of soil erosion with geographic information system (GIS) in the Estanque de Arriba catchment (Spanish Pre-Pyrenees
) where 83 soil samples were collected. The different maps of hydrological connectivity were used to create runoff and sediment trap effectiveness masks that were included in the assessment of the effective cumulative runoff. The results showed
an interdisciplinary approach based on a large variety of analytical methods, including from geomorphology, sedimentology, hydrology, hydrochemistry, dendrochronology, geodesy, statistics and geographic information systems. The role played by headwater areas in relief
of the interactions between thermokarst and hydrologic and ecological processes has improved knowledge of the feedbacks that accelerate change or lead to stabilisation in terrestrial and thaw lake environments. Finally, the influence of permafrost thaw on soil carbon