Human heat balance and its applications in bioclimatology
Bioclimatic research of the human heat balance
Bioclimatology ; Heat balance ; Human bioclimatology ; Microclimate ; Model ; Regional climate ; Spatial scale ; Temperature ; Topoclimate
The paper presents principles of essential model of the human heat balance elaborated in different countries. The models were applied for bioclimatic studies indoor and/or outdoor. They considered the human heat balance in different spatial scales
Satellitendaten in der Geländeklimatologie. Resultate des Projektes Heat capacity mapping mission (HCMM). (Données satellites de topoclimatologie. Résultats du projet Heat capacity mapping mission (HCMM)
Investigation on heat and water balance in agricultural landscape were carried out of for six years. The impact of plants cover and habitat moisture on structure of heat and water balances was studied. Observations of micrometeorological parameters
were carried out during field expedition using the system of automatic measurement and recording. Temporal and spatial characteristics of heat and water balances in different ecosystem located in different climatic zones were analysed. - (DG)
Bioclimatic research based on man-environment heat exchange
Bioclimatology ; Heat exchange ; Human bioclimatology ; Man-environment relations ; Model ; Poland ; Spatial scale ; Temperature
The paper presents some results of bioclimatic research performed over the territory of Poland with the use of the human heat balance method. The recent studies are based on various models of heat exchange, Budyko's model for stationary
and Błażejczyk's MENEX model for nonstationary conditions of heat exchange. Presented studies concerned to different spatial scales. - (DG)
New climatological and physiological model of the human heat balance outdoor (MENEX) and its applications in bioclimatological studies in different scales
Bioclimatic research of the human heat balance
Bioclimatology ; Heat balance ; Heat exchange ; Human bioclimatology ; Microclimate ; Model ; Regional climate ; Spatial scale ; Temperature ; Topoclimate
The paper presents principles of a new model of man-environment heat exchange outdoor. The model was applied for bioclimatic studies in different types of terrain, in various meteorological situations and in different climatic zones. It may be used
The influence of outdoor climate on heat balance of man
Bioclimatology ; Climate ; Heat exchange ; Human bioclimatology ; Temperature
The paper presents principles of man-environment heat exchange outdoor which influence human health and well being. The MENEX model was applied for the estimation fo the human heat balance as well as heat load and thermal sensations of man
This study examined local variability of heat flux within a north-facing hillslope in Wolf Creek basin, Yukon, during the thawed season of 1997. Ground heat flux was calculated by : 1) assessing vertical conduction and convection inputs using
nearsurface temperature gradients and rainfall and 2) combining the sensible heat from ground temperature change with the latent heat associated with melting ground ice. Discussion of the effectiveness of these 2 approaches in determining ground heat flux
Bioclimatology ; Heat balance ; Heat exchange ; Human bioclimatology ; Model ; Poland ; Temperature
In the study the modified Budyko's model is discussed. Thermal insulation of clothing (Icl) is treated as a bioclimatological index. The maps of Icl distribution are presented as well as the structure of heat balance and thermal state of man
Bilans cieplny cia a cz owieka jako podstawa podzia u bioklimatycznego obszaru Iwonicza. (The heat balance of the human body as a basis for the bioclimatic divide of the health resort Iwonicz)
The study is based on M. I. Budyko's equation of the heat balance of the human body surface, modified in the following way: R + M = LE + P + R where: R solar radiation absorbed by the human body surface, M metabolic heat production, LE evaporational
loss of heat, P turbulent loss of sensible heat, R heat loss ny long-wave radiation. Each component of the equation may be expressed in cal. cm. min, if the human body model is considered as a geometrical cylinder. In our study we are concerned
in southern Poland) in 1971-1973 mainly in the summer, provide the basic material for the solution of the equation. We determined for each of measurements points: 1. The frequency of mean skin temperature, 2. The structure of the heat balance of the human body
surface i.e. the ratio of absolute values of heat lost (LE, P. R) and heat income (R+M), 3. The types of the structure of the heat balance of the human body surface namely: the transpiration type, the turbulent type, the radiation type, the mixed type, 4
. Significance of differences occurring in the spatial distribution of mean skin temperature and of the structure of the heat balance of the human body surface (by means of statistical tests X, t). The frequency of transpiration and turbulent types were used
Belts of relatively high flux correspond to zones of crust enriched in radioactive heat production to 15km depth. The enrichments were introduced into the crust by granitic magmas.
Sandstone response to salt weathering following simulated fire damage : a comparison of the effects of furnace heating and fire
To explore the differences between heating sandstone in a furnace and a real fire, sample blocks of Peakmoor Sandstone, quarried from Matlock in Derbyshire, were subjected to different stress histories in combination (lime rendering and removal
, furnace heating or fire, frost and salt weathering). Block response to furnace heating and fire is discussed. Subsequent response to salt weathering is then monitored by weight loss.
The structure of the ground-level heat island in a central business district
The use of airborne infrared scanner images indicates a heat island core over Johannesburg with one nocturnal center, and a strong temperature gradient at about 600-700 m from the city center. The disjunction between the location of the heat island
core and highest ground elevation of the central business district offers additional evidence for the relevance of the centrality factor as a distinct parameter in the description of heat island core structure and magnitude. (JPB).
Atmospheric dynamics ; Carbon dioxide ; Climatic warming ; Global change ; Heat balance ; Impact ; Model ; Precipitation ; Radiation ; Surface temperature ; Water cycle
In this study, the energy balances that are responsible for the suppression of rainfall were quantitatively investigated based on 7 GCMs in which instantaneous doubling of CO2 experiments were conducted. Radiative heating induced by CO2 doubling
warmed both the atmosphere and the surface, while the amount of the surface heating was smaller relative to that of the atmosphere. Consequently, the attenuated heating at the surface resulted in weakening of evaporation on the surface, which could
explain the decrease of rainfall. As for the heat budget of the atmosphere, the attenuated heating was balanced with the less condensation heating, implicating radiative adjustment was a key element for the rainfall decrease.
Comparisons between zonal and meridional eddy sensible heat transport in the northern hemisphere winter
Asian part of Russia ; Atmospheric circulation ; Heat flow ; North America ; Siberia ; Temperature ; Troposphere ; Winter
The size and geographical distribution of the zonal eddy sensible heat flux and its divergence in the Northern Hemisphere winter are examined. Special attention is paid to the zonal eddy contribution to the total heat transport and the relationship
between the zonal and meridional heat transport. The heat fluxes are calculated using 700mb air temperatures and geostrophic winds spanning the period 1947-1987. Changes in atmospheric circulation strengths may be interpreted in terms of energy flux
The August 2007 heat wave in North Carolina : meteorological factors and local variability
Air mass ; Atmospheric circulation ; Drought ; Heat flow ; Heat wave ; North Carolina ; Soil moisture ; Spatial variation ; United States of America ; Weather type
A critical aspect of the August 2007 heat wave was the observed variability in heat and humidity across the different geographic regions of North Carolina. The highest maximum temperatures occurred most frequently in the Piedmont and Sandhills
regions, while minimum temperatures were exceptionally high along the coast. The broad-scale pattern of heat can be tied to adiabatic warming associated with subsidence downstream of a persistent upper-level ridge centered over the Mississippi River Valley
. Regional to local variations in the heat and humidity across North Carolina are linked to upwind sensible heat fluxes associated with major soil moisture deficits, adiabatic warming connected with downsloping winds off the Appalachian Mountains
, and the depth of the mixing layer. Along the coast, the pattern of heat and humidity was tied to the positioning of a mesoscale thermal trough and the presence and strength of the sea-breeze circulation.
Spatial analysis of the factors contributing to the relationship between the transient, meridional eddy sensible, and latent heat flux in the southern hemisphere
In this paper principal component analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to define the importance of the variables contributing to the relationship between the transient latent and sensible heat fluxes and to show
their temporal and spatial variation. Both methods of analysis produced 2 very important uncorrelated modes of variability in January and July, indicating that the transient heat fluxes are influenced by few controlling factors. The AA. suggest that these modes
of variability represent the influences of the meridional temperature gradient, atmospheric moisture, and activity within the source and sink regions of the transient heat fluxes.