personal interpretation of an historical moment in Burmese history. During World War II he served in the resistance and was involved at the birth of the army. He saw it as an instrument of service and an opportunity for the young to mature into responsible
citizens. He later served as teacher and researcher and was attorney general in the caretaker government led by General Ne Win. He admits the failure of the economic system of socialism as practice by the post-1962 government, and recognizes that ordinary
After having been trained at the Sorbonne, this pioneering geographer spent much of his career at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil, where he researched the impact of pioneer settlements, the development of coffee production, and the growth
of that city. Drawing on ideas from various social sciences, he explored linkages between coffee producers and the global commodity trade. After returning to France, he taught at several institutions of higher learning including the Sorbonne and a new institute
for Latin American studies in Paris that he headed. His position in French geography was transitional between Vidalian orthodoxy and innovations inspired by social sciences in the second half of the twentieth century. His legacy is both to regional geography
A direct disciple of Vidal de la Blache, Raoul Blanchard undertook doctoral research on Flanders and then devoted the remained of his career to the French Alps, where he headed the Institut de Geographie Alpine at Grenoble and edited the Revue de
Geographie Alpine. Together with his doctoral students, he challenged the academic hegemony of geographers at the Sorbonne. His studies of Grenoble and Annecy were pioneer works in urban geography. Starting in 1917, he taught for part of most years in North
American universities and undertook a massive research project on Quebec that gave rise to many volumes. At the age of sixty, he started another major project on the geography of the western Alps, making this the most studied region of France. - (HC)
In this paper, the A. argues that a Midwestern plant conservation science institution (MPCSI) challenges genetic commodification through distinct knowledge-making and social practices. He analyzes the socionatural implications of this institution’s
use of genetic technology in native ecosystem restoration. He focuses on specific techniques used by the MPCSI’s scientists to view genes as embodied relational entities, rather than abstract information. He details the MPCSI’s emerging relationship
with commercial seed nurseries to illustrate how decommodification is integral to commodification. Finally, he argues that that although the MPCSI’s genetic restoration strategy necessitates limited market engagements, their scientific practices and institutional
Through his teaching and especially his writing, P. George influenced generations of schoolchildren, students and academics. After submitting a traditional regional monograph on the Bas-Rhône for his doctoral thesis, he focused his writing
on the USSR before broadening out to global themes in human geography, which he interpreted using Marxist insights. Growing disillusionment with communism during the middle of the 1950s led his to leave the party and weakened his intellectual commitment
to Marxism. After school teaching and then lecturing at Lille, he taught at the Sorbonne for a quarter of a century, but found the demands of students and workers in 1968 beyond his comprehension. Despite failing sight and general health, he continued
and exotic lands. He wrote over sixty novels in his Voyages Extraordinaires series, which had a lasting impact on the science fiction genre. He visited Scotland in 1859, and again in 1879 when he witnessed the majesty of Edinburgh, the industrial dynamism
of Glasgow, and the unspoilt beauty of the Highlands and Islands. In addition to a travelogue of his first voyage to Scotland, Verne wrote five novels set wholly or in part in what he regarded as his ancestral country; Scottish characters featured in several
Kenneth Cumberland was a Yorkshireman who became the first geographer by qualification to teach the subject at university level in New Zealand. He joined the new Department of Geography at Canterbury University College inChristchurch in May 1938
. To Cumberland the dramatic and active landscape of the South Island soon became a geographical laboratory. He quickly established a position for himself as a prolific author on the theme that came to define his research career, that of the wise use of resources
. In 1946, he moved to Auckland University College to set up its department, and was appointed to the newly created chair in 1949. He produced a succession of regional texts for use in schools and by undergraduates, and had a strong sense of the civic
The A. seeks to demonstrate the difficulties involved in a reconsideration of media theory. He provides an analysis of the temporal bias in examining this theory. Through two examples, he demonstrates the importance of detailed theoretical
The author first examines the formation of karst shapes and then he interprets those karst formation conditions during which karst production occurs. Based on principally Hungarian examples, he differentiates three different types of karst
The A. aims to evaluate the influence of economic level of origin and destination on migration by an unconstrained gravity model. He used the data of gross inter-prefectural migration figures of the year 1955. He indicates 4 points as results. - (KA)
The A. examines the institutional and political characteristics of the urban housing sector. He then discusses recent efforts toward housing reform and housing commercialization. Finally, he employs a quantitative analysis to evaluate two
A. maintains that cultural geography lacks a conceptually rigorous and empirically meaningful way to analyze human landscape creation. He suggests that behavior analysis could fill the void and uses it to understand 19th century landscape change
in southestern Australia. He applies the concepts of operant conditioning, rule-governed behavior, and metacontingency to the creation of a pastoral landscape there. - (SLD)
Encomium to retiring editor Alvar Carlson reviews how he started the journal and contributed ti its development over one and one-half decades. Journals he published in are noted and special praise is showered on his award-winning treatise
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the present aspect and recent structural change of Japanese urban systems. To analyse this point, the A. used the sales and service workers of 1985. He classified municipalities with more than 3,000
of these workers into four types and extracted 356 daily city regions by the analysis of commuting areas. He indicated 5 conclusions.―(KA)
Formerly the A. analyzed drainage in two dimensions, in horizontal projection. Stream slope as a vertical component is another important element. He determined the slope index values (SI) and represented the slope curves of the major streams
in a semilogarithmic system. He reffered them into 4 groups. - (DLO)
In 1981 two Rumanian scholars published Limbile lumii (The Languages of the World), a comprehensive and interesting work. The A. takes it into examination by commenting it widely, pointing out its positive aspects and some weak points. He concludes
by proposing four lemmas for as many languages of ancient Italy which are not dealt with in the work he reviews. (Ed.).
The A. studies the evolution of the demand for coal, the historical prospect as well as the prognosis. He also pays attention to the distribution of the future demand over the various sectors using coal. To end with, he delivers a short sketch
Utilisation du radio-traceur H-He dans l'étude des systèmes aquifères. Les courbes H-He sont calculées pour une courbe type d'apport de tritium et pour des systèmes pouvant être approximés par les modèles exponentiels de dispersion.
The A. begins his discussion on Iran with creation of various calendars. Next he considers the geography of the country and various dwellings within this environment. He concentrates more on water and wind, and various forms of agriculture. (ABSTR