mechanism model in the probabilistic forecasting method. The results show that the CO2 fertilization effect can compensate reduction of wheat biomass with warming temperature in a strong compensating effect. Under the CO2 fertilization effect, the rain-fed
and irrigated wheat biomasses increase respectively, and the increment of biomass goes up with temperature rising. The rain-fed wheat biomass increase is greater than the irrigated wheat biomass. Without consideration of CO2 fertilization effect, both irrigated
The effect of glaciation on the intensity of seismic ground motion
topography and at ridge crests but it showed for the first time that total inundation by ice may reduce shaking intensity at hill crests. The effect is diminished to about 80-95% if glacier ice level reduces to half of the mountain slope height. In general
amplification of earthquake shaking increases as a result of glacial erosion and deglaciation. It is possible that the effect of this is sufficient to have influenced the distribution of post-glacial slope failures in glaciated seismically active areas.
Effect of rainfall intensity, slope and antecedent moisture content on sediment concentration and sediment enrichment ratio
This study discusses the results of laboratory analysis to evaluate the effect of rainfall intensity, slope steepness, soil types and antecedent moisture content on sediment concentration, runoff coefficients, and sediment enrichment ratios
of the study indicated that the actual effect of slope as well as rainfall intensity on sediment concentration and sediment yield vary with soil types and moisture contents.
Mass elevation effect and its forcing on timberline altitude
The concept of mass elevation effect (massenerhebungseffect, MEE) was introduced by A. de Quervain about 100 years ago. It has been usually completely neglected in developing fitting models of timberline elevation, with only longitude or latitude
elevation effect, this paper takes mountain base elevation (MBE) as the magnitude of MEE. The AA. collect 157 data points of timberline elevation, and use their latitude, longitude and MBE as independent variables to build a multiple linear regression
The effect of terrain and management on the spatial variability of soil properties in an apple orchard
. sampled soil properties measured in an intensively managed orchard in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia using a stratified sampling design for alleys and tree-lines in order to distinguish potential management effects from effects of natural soil
Geomorphological effects of beaver activities in lowland drainage ditches
, the quantitative geomorphic effect of beaver activities resulting from construction of dams, burrowing into the ditch slopes, and digging of lateral canals, as well as the development of scours was estimated. On the catchment scale of the whole hydrographical
network, an increase in either the length of dammed drainage ditches, or the density of beaver-sites, resulted in the potential growth of the total geomorphic effect.
measurements of the spring discharge, of water table level and of the main physico-chemical parameters of spring waters (T, pH, electrical conductivity, major ions and 222Rn) were thus carried out to determine the effects of the L’Aquila earthquake
on groundwater at regional and local scale, to be compared with available data collected since the 1990s. Short- and mid-term effects have been observed in the groundwater flow at recharge and discharge areas. A conceptual model of the earthquake consequences
The Ljubljana Urban Region is used to discuss settlement dispersion in terms of possible organization of an effective public transportation network. A settlement analysis is carried out at the level of house numbers. For each house, the number
of people living in a 500-meter radius is calculated and, based on this ; areas where it is possible to set up an effective public transportation network are specified. These areas are compared to the current public transportation network. - (IKR)
The research takes the analysis at the regional level within a European context while focusing on entrepreneurship and provides evidence for nonlinear effects of the base-year income per capita on growth suggesting that convergence may
be a phenomenon restricted to particular income bands. Entrepreneurship has a positive effect on regional growth and no serious departures from linearity are detected.
Knowledge spillovers are subject to distance decay effects. The main aim is to provide a theoretical framework and empirical evidence on the role played by other kinds of proximities in explaining productivity growth. A sample of EU regions
in the period 1990-2004 is used. There is an evidence of a positive role of social and relational proximities as important channels of knowledge spillovers. When simultaneously present, different kinds of proximities generate synergic effects on growth.