Local underemployment and the discouraged worker effect
The effect of poor local labour market opportunities on occupational achievement is an important aspect of the spatial mismatch hypothesis. The discouraged worker effect is defined as the decision to refrain from job search as a result of poor
Documenting the effects of veld burning on soil and vegetation
Veld burning is implemented in order to maintain grassland and decrease soil erodibility even though there is limited knowledge of the long-term effects on soil properties. Vegetation and soil characteristics of three sites in the KwaZulu-Natal
Crust strength : a wind tunnel study of the effect of impact by saltating particles on cohesive soil surfaces
A wind tunnel study examined the effect of distributions of saltating particles on sediment surfaces which were characterized by distributions of their tensile strength. The sediments consisted of varying proportions of large sand-sized particles
Pore-water pressure effects on the detachment of cohesive streambeds : seepage forces and matric suction
The aim of this paper is to test a hypothesis of the role of upward-directed seepage forces and upward effective stresses as means of detachment of cohesive streambeds using field, laboratory and numerical-modelling analyses.
Effects of forest roads on flood flows in the Deschutes River, Washington
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of forest roads. Special issue
demonstrated that higher flows occurred in ditches draining clearcuts compared to forested areas. Contrary to expectation, road cutslope height did not seem to affect culvert peak runoff. A distributed hydrologic model was used to evaluate road effects on peak
Rivers with constraints on the mobility of bed material, typically armoured channels with steeper than average relationship of bedload discharge to water discharge, may have an effective discharge occuring at higher stages and greater recurrence
, effective discharge increases from near-bankfull discharge to, in this study, about 1.3 bankfull discharge. This represents about a doubling of the recurrence interval.
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of forests roads. Special issue (continued)
The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of unpaved roads on runoff and sediment production on St John, and to better understand the key controlling factors. To this end runoff and sediment yields were measured from July 1996 to March 1997
from 3 plots on naturally vegetated slopes, 4 plots on unpaved road surfaces and 2 cutslope plots. Sediment yields were also measured from 7 road segments. The results assess the effects of unpaved roads on runoff and erosion at different spatial scales
Effects of water quality on infiltration, runoff and interril erosion processes during simulated rainfall
This paper discusses the effects of water quality on the hydrological and erosion response of non-saline, non-sodic soils during simulated rain experiments. Two soils, a well-aggregated clay-rich soil developed on marine silty clay deposits
Computational fluid dynamics modelling of boundary roughness in gravel-bed rivers : an investigation of the effects of random variability in bed elevation
over 2 contrasting gravel beds. The aims of this study are : to assess the performance of the CFD model; to identify the limitations of the conventional wall function approach; to explore the potential for modelling intermediate-scale roughness effects
Effects of historical land use on sediment yield from a lacustrine watershed in central Chile
Sediment yield in the San Pedro Lake watershed, inferred from sedimentation in the lake, can be related to land use changes shown on aerial photographs taken during the period 1943-1994. To study effects of these changes, the AA. took a core from
The effect of tillage-induced roughness on runoff and erosion patterns
), a landuse map and the major tillage orientation per tilled field as input. Runoff patterns created with the model could be used in any raster-based erosion model. The effect of the runoff pattern on simulated erosion patterns is shown for one field using
A flume design for the study of slope length effects on runoff
of the processes that lead to this scale effect, particularly for the case of slopes covered with crops. The features of the flume include reliable experimental control of soil water content prior to rainfall, high intensity rainfall without erosion, uniform crop
This study examines the effects of slope and geomorphic processes, human impacts, and particular characteristics of soils and saprolite that may effect drainage and water movement in the wetlands and adjacent landscapes in a watershed at Bear Creek