The contemporary fireregime of the central Appalachian Mountains and its relation to climate
Appalachian Mountains ; Drought ; Fire ; Forest ; Forest fire ; Human impact ; Mountain ; Natural hazards ; United States of America ; Vegetation dynamics ; Virginia
This paper uses records of wildland fire to investigate the contemporary fireregime on federal lands in the central Appalachian Mountains of Virginia and West Virginia. During the study period (1970-2003), 1557 anthropogenic fires and 344 natural
fires occurred on these lands. Anthropogenic fires burned more area than natural fires and consequently they had a shorter fire cycle. The dry conditions of spring and fall were especially favorable for burning. Moreover, on an interannual level, drought
had a strong influence on the amount of fire activity.
The aims of this paper will be to present and discuss results relevant for the characterisation of the fireregime of Burkina Faso, obtained through analysis of NOAA AVHRR satellite data. The discussion will concern both the fireregime
and the methodologies used and required to characterize it. Furthermore, the suitability of the currently most widely used approach, that of detection of ongoing fires on the basis of their emittance of thermal radiation, for the characterization of the fireregime
This paper uses NOAA AVHRR data from 1989,90,91,92, supplemented with Landsat and SPOT data, to describe the Senegalese fireregime based on the active fire detection approach. Possible explanations for the observed patterns will be discussed
. The results show that the northern limit of intense fire activity in savannah woodlands can not be adequately explained by variations in rainfall, herbaceous biomass distribution or land cover type. Senegal may be divided into regions characterized by a more
Fire history of a ponderosa pine/Douglas fir forest in the Colorado front range
Biogeography ; Colorado ; Dating ; Fire ; Forest ; Forestry ; Mountain ; United States
The main objectives of this study are : 1) to characterize the fireregime of an area of montane forest in the Colorado Front Range; and 2) to compare the utility of the different methods of dating fires in these forests.
Pathways for climate change effects on fire : models, data, and uncertainties
Charcoal ; Climate ; Climatic change ; Climatic variability ; Dendrology ; Drought ; Fire ; Forest fire ; Human impact ; Impact ; Land use ; Model ; Palaeo-ecology ; Vegetation dynamics
The A. reviews recent model-, empirical-, and fire history-based studies of fire and climate change and proposes 3 pathways along which fireregimes might respond to climate change: changes in fuel condition, fuel volume, and ignitions. Model
identify past trajectories of change in fireregimes and can point to possible future conditions. However, most fire history research has focused on changes in area burned and fire frequency. Changes in fire severity may be equally important for the earth
- and empirical-based studies have largely focused on changes in fuel condition with some models projecting up to 50% increases in area burned under a 2 x CO2 climate. Fire history data derived from tree-rings, sediment charcoal, and soil charcoal have helped
An assessment of fire, climate, and Apache history in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico
Climatic variation ; Dendroclimatology ; Dendrology ; Drought ; Fire ; Historical geography ; Human impact ; Mountain ; New Mexico ; Nineteenth Century ; Tradition ; United States of America
To test the hypothesis that Mescalero Apache of southeastern New Mexico influenced fireregimes of the Sacramento Mountains, the AA. reconstructed and compared chronologies of key variables for the period A.D. 1700 to the present. Fire-scarred trees
were used to reconstruct fire frequencies and culturally modified (peeled) trees, and written histories were used to identify places and times of Mescalero presence. Independent precipitation reconstructions from tree rings were compared with fire
and human histories. The AA. conclude that people increased fire occurrence during certain time periods in localized areas, but human impacts did not occur until the end of the 19th century.
Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thin sections : application to fire history in northwestern Minnesota
Results of stratigraphic charcoal analysis from thin sections of varved lake sediments have been compared with fire scars on red pine trees in northwestern Minnesota to determine if charcoal data accurately reflect fireregimes. Pollen and opaque
spherule analyses were completed from a short core to confirm that laminations were annual over the last 350 yr. A good correspondence was found between fossil-charcoal and fire-scar data.
Post-fire hillslope erosion response in a sub-alpine environment, south-eastern Australia
Australia ; Comparative study ; Fire ; Mountain ; New South Wales ; Precipitation ; Slope ; Slope dynamics ; Soil erosion ; Splash ; Vegetation
This paper examines post-fire erosion response in a sub-alpine environment in south-eastern Australia for a period of 2.2 years. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the surface level change regimes on the burnt
and unburnt hillslopes. Slope position was critical in modifying post-fire erosion response, as it controlled slope angle and the rate of surface cover regrowth. The post-fire hillslope undergoes erosion by direct rain-drop impact and overland flow
Prescribed-fire effects on rill and interrill runoff and erosion in a mountainous sagebrush landscape
Fire ; Grassland ; Gully erosion ; Idaho ; Infiltration ; Mountain ; Plant canopy ; Rainfall simulation ; Runoff ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Steppe ; United States of America ; Vegetation dynamics ; Watershed
Changing fireregimes and prescribed-fire use in invasive species management on rangelands require improved understanding of fire effects on runoff and erosion from steeply sloping sagebrush-steppe. The study area is located in the Reynolds Creek
and unburned sites and to evaluate surface-soil and vegetation factors that influence persistence of post-fire effects over a 3-year period. The data demonstrate that the persistence of fire effects on steeply-sloped, sandy sagebrush sites depends on the time
period required for ground cover to recover to near 60 per cent and on the strength and persistence of background or fire-induced soil water repellency.
Australia ; Debris flow ; Decision making process ; Fire ; Hydro-geomorphology ; Impact ; Land management ; Model ; New South Wales ; Precipitation ; Rainfall regime ; Risk ; Water erosion ; Watershed
Aménagement foncier ; Australie ; Bassin-versant ; Coulée de débris ; Erosion hydrique ; Feu ; Hydro-géomorphologie ; Impact ; Modèle ; New South Wales ; Précipitation ; Risque ; Régime pluviométrique ; Stratégie d'acteurs
) timescales, the fireregime itself, and not just fire severity, becomes a variable component of the model. At this temporal scale, the catchment processes respond to variations in the frequency and severity with which a landscape is conditioned (or primed
) by fire and rain storms. The review therefore includes a discussion on fire and rainfall regimes as variables which drive decadal and regional variability in hydro-geomorphic processes.
Australia ; Environment ; Fire ; Holocene ; Human impact ; Impact ; Land use ; Mountain ; New South Wales ; Pastureland ; Soil erosion ; Vegetation
disturbance in the prehistoric period was found to be minimal and mainly activated by fire, the impact of land uses after European arrival initiated a change in the erosion and fireregime and brought new grazing animals and exotic plant species
This study reconstructs erosion, productivity, fire and vegetation records at Club Lake, in the alpine zone of Kosciusko National Park (the highest mountain region in Australia), and uses them to compare the prehistoric and historic periods. While
Effect of climatic fluctuations on post-fire regeneration of two jack pine and red pine populations during the twentieth century
Biogeography ; Canada ; Climatic variability ; Correlation ; Drought ; Fire ; Forest ; Pine ; Precipitation ; Quebec ; Temperature ; Vegetation dynamics
et 1986. L'absence d'une corrélation positive avec la température indique que la limite nord du pin rouge serait déterminée par un changement dans le régime des feux et non par une baisse des températures.
Archeological site ; Fire ; Forest ; Holocene ; Human impact ; Meadow ; Oregon ; Palaeo-environment ; Pastureland ; United States of America ; Vegetation dynamics
Combining stand structure and fire-scar data with historical records, aerial photographs, and soil descriptions, the forest history of the Rigdon Meadows Archaeological Site in the western Cascades of Oregon is reconstructed. The A. is specifically
interested in how forest structure and disturbance regimes differed during prehistoric, settlement, and modern periods. Results indicate that forest composition and meadow persistence are determined primarily by disturbance, soil properties, and topography
. Dramatic changes in forest structure beginning in the mid-1800s resulted from fire, grazing, road building, clearing, and selective logging.
Runaway fires, smoke-haze pollution, and unnatural disasters in Indonesia
Catastrophe ; Damage valuation ; Drought ; Environmental management ; Fog ; Forest ; Forest fire ; Impact ; Indonesia ; Kalimantan ; Sumatera ; Tropical rain forest
pratiques d'utilisation du sol non appropriées. Les incendies de tourbières ont diffusé de grandes quantités de fumée et ont gêné l'activité économique, causant des risques sérieux pour la santé. Le programme de développement du nouveau régime politique
Régime thermique extrême en Sibérie et dynamique du risque d'incendie au XXIème siècle : estimations à l'aide du modèle climatique régional GGO
Asian part of Russia ; Exceptional event ; Fire ; Numerical model ; Regional model ; Risk ; Siberia ; Spatial distribution ; Thermal regime ; Twenty-first century
Expériences numériques; Distribution spatiale des changements de température et de précipitations : caractéristiques saisonnières moyennes; variations des caractéristiques du régime thermique extrême. Changement des conditions du risque d'incendie.
Cartography ; Forest ; Forest fire ; Geographical information system ; Grassland ; Land tenure ; Management ; Plant canopy ; Remote sensing ; Risk ; Spatial distribution ; Swaziland
sucre. Les facteurs de risque les plus déterminants sont le régime foncier et le couvert végétal, ce qui pose des problèmes en matière de gestion du feu.
Colorado ; Erosion rate ; Forest fire ; Mountain ; Rill wash ; Sediment transport ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; United States of America ; Water erosion ; Watershed
This study reports on the hydrologic and geomorphic response after a wildfire in a semi-arid, montainous system where the rainfall regime is characterized by short duration, high intensity summer rainfall. The short-term, transient response
was measured during the first four years after the wildfire. The process rates are compared to available pre-fire rates for the Colorado Front Range and to rates in the chaparral mountainous system of southern California with a mediterranean semi-arid climate
Potential of palaeosols, sediments and archaeological features to reconstruct Late Glacial fireregimes in northern Central Europe ? case study Grabow site and overview
reconstruction of human burning activities during the early Allerød. A determination of the charred wood taxa allowed a reconstruction of the local vegetation pattern during the time of human occupation. The evidence of man-made fire was compared to the general
was detected. Therefore, future studies must considerate the very local impact of man-made fires in much greater detail.