Agriculture ; Belgium ; Family income ; Farmincome ; Living standard ; Poverty ; Regional disparities
holdings have an overall family income of less than 10 000 euros, or less than the guaranteed minimum wage. Other aspects discussed include the investment burden, the patrimony of farmers, the outlook for the future and the regional differences
The A. uses various databases and approaches. A distinction is made between income per worker, family agricultural income from the agricultural holding and total family income, including non-agricultural earnings. A quarter of full-time agricultural
Farm ; Household ; Income ; Poland ; Post-communism ; Privatisation ; Spatial differentiation ; Years 1990-99
The low level of income among farming families triggered a lively interest in the subject of the activity and sources of income in farm households. The work described here has sought to determine the main changes in income levels and structures
within the population associated with farms in Poland after 1990. Use of the Agricultural Census of 2002 in turn allowed for an illustration of the spatial differentiation to kinds of activity and sources of income wthin the population on private (family
-owned) farms, with an attempt also being made to indicate what conditions this differentiation. - (BJ)
Small farmer development. Experiences in the Netherlands
During this century the possibilities for farmers to earn a good income from intensive animal husbandry and horticulture have greatly increased. As a result, despite the sharp decrease in the number of farmers, many farmers from a small farm
background have been able to continue in farming and even become large farmers. Some hypotheses are formulated under what conditions this kind of small farmer development is possible in other countries.
Transitions in rural Sarawak: off-farm employment in the Kemena basin
Employment ; Enquiry ; Family income ; Farming system ; Malaysia ; Rural change ; Rural community ; Sarawak
The connections between the major resource exploitation activities and the rural population operate through two main channels: formal State aid to rural households, and the informal practice of off-farm employment. Three main sources of income
(subsistence production, cash crops and off-farm work) act as substitutes for one another and this substitution has implications on the overall standard of living of the households.
Farm ; Income ; Municipality ; Poland ; Privatisation
The article presents an analysis of the development of non-agricultural activities in private farming on the local scale. The analysis was designed to identify the main social, economic and technical factors stimulating non-agricultural economic
activities. The analysis has indicated that the concentration of non-agricultural activities depends on the size of the spatial system. Empirical research showed that non-agricultural activity in private farming influences the profitability of private farming
Growth cycle, income stream and decision making: a case study of Yoruba smallholders
The author has used a field survey and statistical methods to study how a small farmer decides on his farming programme. The age characteristics of a smallholder are important in determining his choice, and technology supplied should be appropriate
Income formation among Amazonian peasant households in northeastern Peru: empirical observations and implications for market-oriented conservation
Agriculture ; Agroforestry ; Amazon Basin ; Farmincome ; Hunting ; Peasantry ; Peru ; Stand treatment
Peasants in the Tahuayo River basin near Iquitos, Peru earn cash incomes from swidden fallow, agroforestry, floodplain agriculture, fishing, livestock production, hunting and extracting rainforest products. Gross returns per hectares were highest
are assumed to be more important for full time farmers than for hobby farmers who have their main income outside the farm and who may consider their farm more as a living place than as a production place. Based on a large survey carried out in Hvorslev
Rural landscapes are maintained and changed through farmers’ decisions and practices. The farmer has many different roles of which three roles related to the farm as a whole is investigated : producer, owner and citizen. Production based decisions
, Eastern Jutland, Denmark in 2008 farmers’ landscape practices are analysed in relation to their background, occupational status and view of the farms as a production place versus a living place. 377 farmers are interviewed and some comparisons are made
to a similar survey in the same area in 1996. A significant proportion of farmers are hobby farmers who mainly see the farm as a living place and who have different landscape practices than full time farmers have.