Sheep grazing in national forest wilderness : a new look at an old fight
Environment ; Environmental management ; Forest ; Mountain ; Nature conservation ; Pastureland ; Sheep ; United States of America ; Wyoming
Review of the struggle between the livestock industry, environmentalists, and the US Forest Service to control how national forests and their resources are used. In the arid West forage, not the ragged forests of lodgpole pine, spruce, and fir, has
been the commodity harvested from the national forests. In the summer the ranchers in range states such as Wyoming rely heavily on these forests. A. reviews the situation in the bridger Wilderness. - (SLD)
The forest of the Western Carpathians are important in protecting the soil and water resources of Slovakia and neighboring countries. Although the forest acreage has increased more than 10% during the last 40 years, the condition of the forests
(mainly mixed stands of spruce, fir, and beech) has deteriorated markedly. The main problems are drought and subsequent insect attack, soil acidification, and air pollution. A. discuss reclamation experiments in the municipal spruce forest of Nálepkovo
Employment ; Environmental conservation ; Forest ; France ; Mountain ; Resource management ; Rhône-Alpes ; Savoie ; Wood industry
A case study undertaken by the European Observatory of Mountains Forests (EOMF) of how the forests in the alpine department of Savoy, France are used to provide sustainable employment. Municipal forests tend to be large and coniferous (Norway spruce
, silver fir, and Scots pine), private forests are tiny and broadleaf, and the state controls some forests on land subject to erosion. Although the area of forest has increased in recent years, employment in forestry activities has not followed the same
trend. Author call for greater cooperation among forest actors, greater recognition for wood workers in logging activities, and for greater promotion of the qualities of local wood. - (SLD)
Central African forest cover revisited : a multisatellite analysis
Africa ; Central Africa ; Central African Republic ; Congo ; Cultivated plants ; Forest ; Phytogeography ; Plant canopy ; Remote sensing ; Savanna ; Vegetation map
L'utilisation de plusieurs senseurs permettant d'identifier différents types de végétation (lowland rain forest, swamp forest, secondary formations, forest-savannah mosaic, plantations) aboutit à une carte synthétique couvrant le nord-ouest du Congo
Protected forests and silviculture stability : an example of planning in the Aosta Valley
Environmental management ; Forest ; Italy ; Mountain ; Nature conservation ; Stand treatment ; Valle d'Aosta
Alpine protective forests are vital to people living and working in alpine valleys. A protective forest must be protect reliably and continuously ; it also must be able to maintain its structure and vitality in the face of internal and external
influences. Any intervention to improve a protective forest must be acceptable (minimal tending) rather than ideal because of costs : stability should be ensured for 20 to 50 years hence. This case study of the Ban de Ville forest found only a third
of it was acceptably stable. Authors recommend ways to improve that forest. - (SLD)
AA. analyze the different management systems of timur, a medicinal plant regularly traded with India, in Nepalese forests. Four different management systems on open-access state lands, two different types of community-controlled lands, and private
Using participant observation, aerial photographs, and forest inventories, A. analyzes the social context of forest change in two neighboring indigenous communities in the Lake Patzcuaro Basin in west-central Mexico. Although deforestation
The role of forest ecosystems and wood in controlling the absorption and emission of carbon dioxide
Africa ; America ; Asia ; Biomass ; Carbon cycle ; Carbon dioxide ; Climatic variation ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; Forest ; Global change ; Land use ; Stand treatment ; World
Forests play a quadruple role in the processes of global change : 1) as a cause, a source of the emission of greenhouse gases (GHC), predominantly in result of deforestation; 2) as a victim of global climatic change, due to the increased sensitivity
of trees to pests and diseases; 3) as a benificiary of global changes thanks to the fertiliser effect; 4) as a remedy for global changes thanks to their ability to sequester carbon. The role of forests depends thus on methods of management and the ways
in which forest products are used. The paper discusses the effects of forestry operations dealing with carbon accumulation in the forest ecosystems.
A mixed Quercus-Tilia forest was investigated to study the soil development in a forest that resembled the natural Danish forest composition before 4000 BC. The results indicate that the oak-lime type of forest prevents or retards podzolization
Phytoliths from archaeological sites in the tropical forest of Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
Archeological site ; C 14 dating ; Congo ; Forest ; Lateglacial ; Palaeo-environment ; Quaternary ; Vegetation dynamics
Phytoliths record late Quaternary vegetation at 3 archaeological sites in the Ituri rain forest. The oldest deposits, dated to ca. 19,000 to 10,000 C 14 yr B.P., contain abundant phytoliths of grasses but also enough arboreal forms to show
that the landscape was forested. These results suggest that the northeastern Congo Basin was forested when it was settled by humans in the late Pleistocene and that the region remained settled while its forest changed in structure and composition thereafter.
Andean forests and farming systems in part of the Eastern Cordillera (Columbia)
Andes ; Biodiversity ; Colombia ; Ecosystem ; Farming system ; Forest ; Impact study ; Landscape ecology ; Mountain ; Regional analysis ; Tropical zone
Study analyzes the transformation of forest in part of the Eastern Colombian Andes through the perspective of landscape ecology, with remote sensing, GIS, and fieldwork. A larger-scale analysis also is made of the Middle Chicamocha Watershed
. Figures are given on how much of original forests remain, on forest types, and also on the many different farming systems. AA. found the original land cover of the sub-Andean dry forests had been almost completely replaced by shrublands, pastures, crops
and conservation of forest resources. Villagers classified forest habitats and planned walks through each, during which scientists asked them questions about what plants and animals were important to them and what features they liked or disliked. Then villagers
were shown photos and asked to discuss the values associated with the habitats they identified. Villagers were found to have a sophisticated understanding of the tole of mountain forests in climate and water avaibility, and they appreciated the forests
Economic instruments for tropical forests (the Congo Basin case)
Africa ; Central Africa ; Congo Basin ; Developing countries ; Drainage basins ; Economic policy ; Forest economics ; Forest logging ; Forest planning ; Forest resource ; Forestry policy ; Incentive ; Industrialization ; Pricing ; Private sector
; Sustainable use ; Taxation ; Tropical forest ; Tropical zone ; Wood industry
Africa ; Africa central ; Aprovechamiento forestal ; Bosque tropical ; Cuenca Congo ; Cuenca hidrográfica ; Economía forestal ; Exploitación sustentable ; Explotación forestal ; Industria madera ; Industrialización ; Países en desarrollo ; Politica
forestal ; Política económica ; Recurso forestal ; Sector privado ; Tasación ; Zona tropical
forests and especially one of its most controversial aspects: logging. Drawing on economic theory and concrete examples mainly from Central Africa but also from south-east Asia, this book provides a pragmatic and stimulating view of the forestry policy
issues bound up with these new aspects of tropical forest management at the crossroads of economics and ecology.
Channel instability in a forested catchment : a case study from Jones Creek, East Gippsland, Australia
Australia ; Channel geometry ; Flood ; Forest ; Riparian vegetation ; River bed ; Victoria ; Watershed
Jones Creek, a forested sub-catchment of the Genoa River, Victoria, southeastern Australia, has experienced channel metamorphosis induced by a series of floods since 1971. The role of within-channel vegetation, large woody debris and sediment
Biodiversity conservation in Peru's Eastern Montane Forests
Biodiversity ; Biogeography ; Ecosystem ; Forest ; Mountain ; National park ; Nature conservation ; Peru ; Sustainable development
A. review the biodiversity in Peru's eastern montane forests, which they state occupy a narrow band between 1500 and 3500 m ; this can be further divided into upper and lower montanes. These are very biologically diverse natural environments due
An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in a campesino community (San Gerardo de Dota) in a Costa Rican montane cloud forest. Families were asked how they used indigenous and introduced vascular plants along an altitude gradient of 2000 to 3000 m
Striving for sustainable forest management in Mexico and Honduras : the experience of two communities
Community ; Forest ; Honduras ; Management ; Mexico ; Nature conservation ; Oaxaca ; Resource management ; Sustainable development
Can communities undergo economic development while protecting their forests ? La Campa, in western Honduras, banned logging and agreed to cease resin tapping. Despite considerable aid from the government and NGOs their lives are still ones
acquired the skills to manage its pine-oak forests. The challenge in this community is the outmigration of skilled young people. - (SLD)