The AA. consider the role played by forest struggles and forest intellectuals in the rewriting of India's forest policies. They also evaluate the utility of a moral economy framework in guiding joint forest management policies. They draw on village
-level fieldwork to highlight the value of an approach to the management of Degraded Protected Forests that offer a key role to active and informed forest citizens.
Forest ; Index ; Landscape ecology ; Methodology ; Slovenia
The article presents methodology of defining forest fragmentation on raster data. Eight indices (forest proportion, forest continuity, moderated weighted forest area, edge zone proportion, average forest depth, average forest dismemberment, average
distance from the forest, average forest isolation) quantitatively define forest dismemberment, fragmentation respectively forest disintegration stage. Presented methodology is partly adopted, further modified and adapted to Slovenian conditions. - (IKR)
Ecological studies of mixed forests in Nopporo National Forest, Central Hokkaido, Japan. Relations between the distribution of aged forests and environmental factors
In Nopporo National Forest, thirteen forest communities which were determined by dominant species and three soil types were observed. - (SGA)
The impact of forest canopy structure on deposition amounts was studied by extensive throughfall monitoring in thirty different forest stands in the Netherlands. It is concluded that emission reductions on a regional and (inter)national scale level
The basics of sustainable forest management in forest promotional complexes
Biodiversity ; Concept ; Dead wood ; Decision making process ; Ecosystem ; Environmental management ; Forest ; Forestry ; Sustainable development
The intent to create Forest Promotional Complex (FPC) was introducing a new quality to Polish forestry – by taking into account social preference for forests, by embracing local community needs, by compromising forest production with nature
protection and to introduce the rules of sustainable and balanced forest development. Main subject of this study is a dead wood and its ecological functions in managed forests and chosen FPC reserves. The problem of naturalization or ecologisation of forest
[b1] Forest Ecology Unit, Forest Research Unit, Raszyn, Pologne
In this article the use of the term secondary forest is restricted to forests which have reoccupied a site after clearance. The literature on tropical forest succession is reviewed, showing the importance of the type, intensity and scale
of the disturbance, the nature of the surrounding landscape and the composition of the surviving disperser fauna. The value of tropical secondary forests is compared to primary forest, with regards to regulatory function, commercial value and conservation
The AA. assert that only through profitable management of forests for timber and non-timber products can forest cover be maintained in competition with pressures to convert forest land to other uses. This sustainability concept is important, since
parks can provide protection for only a small fraction of the remaining forests in Latin America.―(DWG)
The area of the tropical forests has been shrinking fast in the last decades and, moreover, considerable parts of the remaining natural forests are in a process of degradation, mainly due to overexploitation, intensified pasture farming and frequent
fires. This process of decline in large parts of the tropical forest belt concerns more and more the public and politicians in the industrialized countries as well as increasingly also in parts of the developing countries. - (L'A.).
Possible impact of climatic change on forested landscapes in Central Europe: a review
Central Europe ; Climatic variability ; Climatic variation ; Climatic warming ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; Forest ; Forestry ; Impact ; Landscape ; Palynology
This paper briefly reviews and tentatively discusses 1) former climatic changes and their impact on forests, 2) the impact of climatic warming on the genetic constitution of forest trees, their physiological processes, and the possible alteration
of forest environments, 3) the changes in the latitudinal and altitudinal zonation of forests, 4) the repercussions of possible diseases and pests on the vitality of forests, and 5) changes in the function of forests in Central European landscapes.
The A. briefly reviews major themes in published tropical forest research between 1991 and 1992 inclusive in an attempt to identify what questions are believed to be important.
Biogeography ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Forest ; Habitat ; Photosynthesis ; Tree species ; Tropical rain forest
The A. reviews the mainstream ecological literature from 1994 to 1995 to gauge the importance of ecophysiological studies in understanding the ecology of tropical rain forests.
The A. reports on the progress in describing and explaining variation of biodiversity in tropical rain forests. He bases this review on a search of the 1997 editions of Ecology Abstracts, Ecological Abstracts and Forestry Abstracts.
Natural forest, settlement and economical development on Czechoslovak territory. Forest protection policy and the survey of particular forest protected areas. (MS).
An appreciation of time on a variety of scales may help explain the complexity of tropical rain forests and provide a frame of reference to consider the consequences of anthropogenic deforestation and global climatic change on this biome. Here
the A. reviews published tropical rain-forest research that has focused on the time dimension from late 1992 until early 1994.
Comparison of income derived from harvesting timber vs. non-timber forest products in three different upland forests on the islands of Visayas, Luzon and Mindanao. Timber is by far the most valuable asset in each of the three cases examined. - (DWG)
Australia ; Environment ; Forest ; Forest resources ; Historical geography ; New Zealand ; North America ; Wood industry
Compte rendu de trois ouvrages sur les rapports entre forêts, géographie historique et histoire de l'environnement dans le Nouveau Monde. 1: Americans and their forests. A historical geography by Michael Williams. 2: History of New Zealand forestry
by Michael Roche. 3: Australia's ever changing forests édité par Kevin J. Frawley and Noel M. Semple.
Climate change and boreal forest fires in Fennoscandia and central Canada
Canada ; Climatic variation ; Cold area ; Europe ; Forest ; Forest fire ; Impact ; Landscape ; Ontario ; Scandinavia
This paper's hypothesis is that, just as summer climate warming in Canada has produced dramatic increases in the number and total area of forest fires, so tool will any increase in summer temperatures in Fennoscandia. If this is so, complacency
concerning the current low level of forest fires in Fennoscandia is misplaced. Likewise, temporal variations in forest have induced important changes in Canadian landscapes, and the same may be true of Fennoscandia if increased forest fire occurrence
The historic role of the forest community in sustaining the Black Hills National Forest as a complex common property multiple use resource
Environment ; Forest ; Mine ; Nature conservation ; Resource management ; Rural community ; South Dakota ; United States of America ; Wyoming
A common property resource must be defined, and throughout the history of the Black Hills National Forest (1898 forward), there has been a community of people interested in defining and redefining it as a resource. Four historical periods
are discussed : the gold mining community, building of a forest community (interested in maintening multiple uses), fragmentation of the forest community, and progress toward a multiple-use definition. - (SLD)
Biogeography ; Ecotone ; Forest ; Linear forest ; Mountain ; Self-organizing behaviour ; Subalpine area ; Wind
Roughly linear forest patches are common in subalpine environments, including hedges, ribbon forest, and Shimagare or wave regenerated forests (waves). The influence of wind is common among these patterns, but the role of positive feedback, the most
important component of self-organization in biological systems varies. Hedges and waves can develop endogenously with a constant wind, and so can be considered self-organizing. Most ribbon forests seem to be dominated by exogenous forces.