in farmers' fields are then described and the results from plot-based experiments are compared with them.
Here, brief reference is made to ways of directly measuring soil erosion and their suitability for use in farmers' fields. Some comments are made on the technique most widely used to measure erosion: experimental plots. Measurements of erosion made
Evaluating soil erosion models using measured plot data : accounting for variability in the data
Experimentplot ; Model ; Soil ; Soil erosion ; Spatial variation ; Water erosion
The objective of this study was to construct a method for incorporating erosional variability into a system of model evaluation whereby model predictions are compared to measured erosion plot data. The result is a quantitative, statistically based
The effect of soil crust on the generation of runoff on small plots in an arid environment
Arid area ; Desert ; Duricrust ; Experimentplot ; Israel ; Negev ; Rainfall simulation ; Rill wash ; Roughness ; Salt ; Soil properties
The aim of this research was to study the factors that influence the generation of runoff in small plots under natural rainfall conditions. Factors studied were crust permeability, roughness, soil salt content and time gaps between the rain showers
. The field trial was carried out in the Mashash experimental runoff farm in Israel's Negev desert. Runoff was measured on 8 plots using a tipping-bucket system. Results and discussion.
Measurement of runoff and soil loss from two differently sized plots in a subtropical environment (Brazil)
Aggregate ; Brazil ; Experimentplot ; Paraná ; Precipitation ; Rill wash ; Sediment transport ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Subtropical zone ; Water erosion
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of plot size on runoff and soil loss in a subtropical environment near Guarapuava (Parana). Data were collected from 10 paired plots, 5 plots measuring 10m x 1m and 5 plots measuring 1m x 1m, installed
in the same pedo-geomorphologic unit. Measurements were carried out from November 2008 to November 2009. During this period, 97 natural storms were registered. The results indicate that the small plots tended to have higher runoff compared to larger plots
, especially during periods of greater rainfall volume, duration and intensity. The results of the small plots were comparable to the results obtained on the large plots, especially in relation to soil loss. These plots were useful for short-term assessments
and closed plots; differences in soil loss derived from replica soil erosion plots; and differences in soil loss data derived from plots at a range of spatial scales.
This paper reports the results of a study on how fire effects water and sediment losses in the Central Spanish Pyrenees where land abandonment results in an increase of the scrubland and fire-affected surfaces. In 1991, 2 plots (controls and burnt
) were installed to collect runoff, suspended sediments and solutes. During 1993, another burnt plot was installed. Differences between burnt and control plots were analysed at hourly, daily, monthly and yearly temporal scale. Both burned plots began
to recover after the fire. Water and sediment losses from the 2 burnt plots were markedly different.
Amount of eroded soil and type of erosion processes were measured using test plots at different scales in two indigenous Ecuadorian communities near Latacunga. Serious erosion occurs but in the A.'s view, bench terraces are not the answer. - (DWG)
The aim of this study is to examine the detachment and transport capacity of runoff using rainfall simulations and overland flow experiments on small field plots. A simple regression equation was derived to estimate transport capacity (Tc) for both
bare and covered soil. Although Tc can be assessed more easily in laboratory experiments, the applicability of the results to field conditions remains questionable. The detachment by runoff constitutes only part of the transported sediment. Interrill
Plots of land ; Quantitative analysis ; Rainfall simulation ; Research programme ; Soil erosion ; Soil science
This paper investigates on the basis of plot measurements how soil erodibility changes over time. Within the research programme rainfall simulation experiments and soil loss measurements after rainfalls were carried out on different plots over 8
Cultivated land ; Experimentplot ; Forecast ; Italy ; Model ; Quantitative analysis ; Sicilia ; Soil erosion
In this paper the physical model concept developed in USA was tested by using soil loss data collected on plots of different length at the experimental station of Sparacia, in Sicily (South Italy). This investigation supported the conclusions that i
by a replicated plot measurement. This calculation is useful since it allows to quantitatively establish the maximum gap that has to be covered by an alternative simulation model to obtain the realistically best estimate of plot soil loss at the event temporal
Artificial neural networks of soil erosion and runoff prediction at the plot scale
Comparative study ; Eastern United States ; Experimentplot ; Forecast ; Model ; Neural network ; Rill wash ; Soil erosion ; United States of America ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of using neural networks to quantitatively predict soil loss from natural runoff plots. Data from 2879 erosion events from 8 locations in the United States were used. The AA. present
The main aim of this review is to explore to what extent the impact of plot length on the effectiveness of different surface covers (rock fragments, organic mulch and vegetation) in reducing runoff and soil loss by water erosion emerges from
in this review. Finally, 2 equations are proposed describing the possible effect of plot length and cover by rock fragments, organic mulches and vegetation on relative runoff and soil loss by water erosion. These findings have important consequences
for the design of runoff and erosion plots, for modelling runoff and soil erosion rates and for scaling up plot data.
This paper aimed to evaluate the accuracy of soil erosion plots with different lengths in estimation of runoff and soil loss from the Sanganeh watershed, in Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran. Runoff and sediment was collected at the outlet of each
plot as well as main outlet of the watershed associated with 12 storm events occurred during November 2006 to June 2007. The results verified that the accuracy of plot estimates on sediment and runoff improved while the plot length increased
. The optimal lengths for estimation of sediment and runoff parameters were found 15 and preferably 20 m for plots located on southern slope. No significant difference was also proved among estimates obtained from plots established on north facing slope
Aeolian features ; Aeolian transport ; Coastal environment ; Comparative study ; Dune ; Erosion control ; Field experiment ; Model ; Netherlands (The) ; North Sea ; Roughness ; Sediment budget ; Vegetation
. Plots are covered with a regular pattern of bundles of reed stems, in 3 different densities. Profiles through the plots are monitored over a period of one year. The aim of the experiment is to study profile development for several vegetation densities
The AA. report on a field experiment studying the effects of different densities of roughness elements on sediment transport and foredune profile development. Reed stems are planted as a surrogate for vegetation at the frontal side of the foredune
Arid area ; Australia ; Experimentplot ; Microrelief ; New South Wales ; Overland flow ; Runoff ; Soil erosion ; Water erosion
New field experiments were made on untilled soil surfaces in arid western New South Wales, Australia, to explore the implications for deriving meaningful measures of flow properties, including friction coefficients. A new approach to the evaluation
of friction coefficients in non-uniform flows is advanced, involving the determination of separate coefficients for threads and non-thread zones of the flow field. In contrast, flow-field friction coefficients as they are customarily derived in run-off plot
experiments subsume these distinct coefficients in proportions that are generally unknown.
Results and discussion of the experiment carried out on the Ilha de Maraca, to investigate the effects of partial and complete clearance of forest plots on subsurface soil moisture content, tension and water fluxes, overland flow, the production
of water and sediment yield, and the losses of nutrients in eroded soil materials from the plots.
The equipment was lent to the Hungarian Geographical Research Institute through Professor Gerold Richter, who had applied in simultaneous measurements on six plots near Trier. The experimentplot where the equipment is installed is described. (DLO).
The aim of this review is to analyse the effects of plot length (L) and other possible affecting factors [cover percentage (C, %), slope gradient (S), rainfall duration (D), rainfall intensity (I), sand, silt and clay contents, soil organic matter
to be the most important variables in reducing SLR (ratio of soil loss in bare plots to that in geotextile treated plots) for splash, C (%) for interrill and D (min) for rill and interrill erosion processes, respectively. Soil clay and silt contents and D are key
variables in decreasing RR (ratio of runoff from bare plots to that from geotextile treated plots) for interrill, and clay content for rill and interrill erosion processes, respectively.
Effects of land use on annual runoff and soil loss in Europe and the Mediterranean : A meta-analysis of plot data
Climatic zone ; Europe ; Experimentplot ; Land use ; Mediterranean States ; Precipitation ; Rill wash ; Slope gradient ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; Temperature gradient ; Water erosion ; Watershed
The largest currently compiled database of plot runoff and soil loss data in Europe and the Mediterranean was analysed to investigate effects of land use on annual soil loss (SL), annual runoff (R) and annual runoff coefficient (RC). Therefore
, this study aims (1) to provide an overview of both R and SL rates by interrill and rill erosion, measured at the plot scale; (2) to assess the variability in both R and SL rates for different land uses and different climatic regions in the study area; and (3