Aerosol ; Atmosphere ; Catastrophe ; Climatic cooling ; Impact study ; Indonesia ; Tsunami ; Volcanic eruption ; Volcanism
The 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa island, Indonesia) expelled around 140 gt of magma, making it the largest known historic eruption. 71 000 people died. The eruption injected 60 mt of sulfur into the stratosphere, which resulted
in pronounced climate pertubations : anomalously cold weather the following year, and widesread crop failures. These events provide important insights into the volcanic forcing of climate, and the global risk of future eruptions on this scale.
Aerosol ; Climatic variation ; Glaciation ; Global change ; Indonesia ; Model ; Palaeoclimate ; Quaternary ; Sumatera ; Volcanic eruption ; Volcanism
In this paper, the AA. summarize recent information relating to the Toba eruption and use these data to estimate the resulting major pertubation of the global atmosphere. Comparison of these data with proxy climate data, and recent climate model
results, allows an assessment of the likelihood that the eruption was a contributing factor to the major transition from warm to cold climates in the last glacial cycle and suggests a possible general feedback coupling between eruptions and climatic change.
Geochemistry ; Indonesia ; Magma ; Pyroclastic ; Tsunami ; Volcanic eruption ; Volcanism
This paper reviews the eruption sequence and reexamines some of the more problematic and challenging volcanological aspects of the Krakatau event. Various hypotheses about the cause of the tsunamis and explosions are reviewed and it is concluded
Mud and debris flows on Mt. Usu after the 1977-1978 eruption
Erosion des sols ; Eruption volcanique ; Géographie de l'Asie ; Géomorphodynamique ; Hokkaido ; Japon ; Mont Usu ; Mouvement de masse ; Volcanisme
Post-eruption erosion in the world is summarized, and the characteristics of mud and debris flows after the 1977-1978 eruption of Mt. Usu are discussed and its process of time-spatial sequence is explained.
The relationship of large volcanic eruption in the world and the summer drought/flood in China
Chine ; Crue ; Eruption volcanique ; Eté ; Précipitation ; Sichuan ; Statistique ; Sécheresse ; Température ; Type de temps
China ; Drought ; Flood ; Precipitation ; Sichuan ; Statistics ; Summer ; Temperature ; Volcanic eruption ; Weather type
Based on data in the last 500 years for strong volcanic activity and the summer drought/flood types available in China, the statistical relations of the volcanic eruptions in seasons and several regions and the drought/flood types and grade index
of main regions in China have been investigated. The possible teleconnection between flood in the Yangtze River and the Haihe River valleys in 1991 and the volcanic eruption of Mt Pinatubo in June of 1991 has been also examined.
Monitoring of geomorphic effects of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA
Bilan sédimentaire ; Coulée boueuse ; Eruption volcanique ; Etats-Unis ; Géomorphogenèse ; Mouvement de masse ; Risque naturel ; Volcanisme ; Washington State
Debris flow ; Geomorphogenesis ; Mass movement ; Natural hazards ; Sediment budget ; United States of America ; Volcanic eruption ; Volcanism ; Washington State
This paper examines the use of geomorphology in the creation of volcanic hazards maps prior to this eruption, the mitigation strategies used, and the subsequent role of geomorphology in subsequent recovery efforts. A sediment budget is presented
that summarizes the yield estimated from many geomorphic sources, based on post-eruption aerial monitoring and ground measurements.
Conceptual model ; Iceland ; Impact ; Periglacial features ; Permafrost ; Pyroclastic ; Volcanic eruption ; Volcanism
The aim of this paper is an analysis of tephra accumulation on a pre-eruption winter snow cover and its influence on permafrost aggradation. Based on multi-annual field observations at the Hekla volcano, southern Iceland, a conceptual model
concerning the relationship between winter-fallen tephra and buried snow preservation is suggested. Furthermore, the relation of volcanic eruptions and potential preservation of buried snow in permafrost conditions on a global scale is discussed.
The AA. report observations of the magnitude, processes, and effects of fluvial sediment transport and deposition on the Pasig-Potrero River alluvial fan 6 years after the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Pinatubo. This analysis shows bedload transport
in volcanically disturbed rivers reflects higher transport capacities than in their nondisturbed counterparts, and that arid zone channels provide a better analog for predicting post-eruption bedload transport due to their high transport efficiency.
The AA. present the geological and volcanic setting of the Misti volcano which encompasses 2 edifices : the old Misti stratovolcano and the young Misti stratocone. They analyze the stratigraphy and the chronology of its eruptive activity
, in particular over the past 100,000 years : 7 compound groups of deposits record the late Pleistocene eruptive of the modern Misti stratocone. Then, they aim to assess the volcanic hazards of future eruptions at Misti, based on mapping, recent eruptive deposits
Dynamique des populations ; Ecologie ; Eruption volcanique ; Faune ; Ile ; Indonésie ; Volcanisme ; Végétation
Ecology ; Fauna ; Indonesia ; Island ; Population dynamics ; Vegetation ; Volcanic eruption ; Volcanism
This paper re-examines previous suggestions concerning the colonization of the Krakatau islands since the extirpating 1883 eruption that involve the more recently emergent volcanic island Anak Krakatau, which itself suffered a devastating eruption
Argile minéral ; Eruption volcanique ; Ile ; Indonésie ; Propriété du sol ; Pédogenèse ; Sol ; Taxonomie
Clay mineral ; Indonesia ; Island ; Pedogenesis ; Soil ; Soil properties ; Taxonomy ; Volcanic eruption
The properties and development of soils derived from pumiceous tuff of the 1883 Krakatau eruption were studied on Rakata island during 1983 and 1989, 100 years after the eruption. Results and discussion.
Ground beetles on Mt. Usu six years after the 1977-78 eruptions
Carabidé ; Ecologie animale ; Eruption volcanique ; Faune ; Géographie de l'Asie ; Hokkaido ; Insecte ; Japon ; Mont Usu
Survey made of the ground beetles on and around Mt. Usu which had suffered vegetational damage from volcanic eruptions in 1977-78. A total of 2485 specimens of 29 species were collected.