Firewood or hydropower: a case study of rural energy markets in Tanzania
Campagne ; Energie ; Géographie de l'Afrique ; Kigoma, région ; Source d'énergie ; Tanzanie
This article examines the energy requirements of a subsistence economy population in Kigoma Region in North-west Tanzania. There is an urgent need to find alternatives to firewood and the author suggests to develop hydroelectric power.
Les énergies renouvelables dans l'approvisionnement mondial du point de vue historique et géographique
Energie und seine Ressourcen
L'énergie et ses ressources
Aeolian features ; Biomass ; Coal ; Energy ; Energyneed ; Geothermics ; Oil ; Renewable energy ; Solar energy ; Tide
Besoin énergétique ; Biomasse ; Charbon ; Energie ; Energie renouvelable ; Energie solaire ; Eolien ; Géothermie ; Marée ; Pétrole
Les énergies renouvelables sont considérées comme inépuisables. Elles comprennent l'énergie marémotrice et la géothermie de même que toutes les énergies solaires : la chaleur et le rayonnement solaires, l'énergie hydraulique, l'énergie éolienne et
l'énergie de la biomasse. L'auteur se demande si le besoin total en énergie peut être couvert par ces énergies renouvelables en remplacement des énergies fossiles comme le charbon et le pétrole, ou si ces énergies renouvelables présentent des limites. - (IfL)
Energie en landinrichting. Een studie naar beïnvloedingsmogelijkheden, met een toepassing op de ruilverkaveling Melderslo
Energies fossiles et développement rural
Consommation d'énergie ; Développement rural ; Energie ; Energie fossile ; Environnement ; Pays-Bas
Energy consumption ; Energy;Power ; Environment ; Netherlands (The) ; Rural development
In the light of environmental problems and the reduction of fossile energy consumption, plans are needed to use fossile energy more efficiently for various land uses. The objective of this report is to present the state of the art of the knowledge
into the field of fossile energy use and rural reconstruction. - (AGD)
Energie électrique : la Martinique à bout de souffle ?
Consumption ; Electricity ; Energy ; Energyneed ; Martinique ; Production ; Thermic power plant
Besoin énergétique ; Centrale thermique ; Consommation ; Electricité ; Energie ; Martinique ; Production
On enregistre en Martinique l'urgence du maintien de la fourniture d'énergie lors des pointes journalières. L'A. évoque les dynamiques, les perspectives et les rouages des stratégies énergétiques martiniquaises à court et moyen terme.
Energy ; Energyneed ; Power station ; Renewable energy ; Space ; Storage site
Besoin énergétique ; Centrale électrique ; Energie ; Energie renouvelable ; Espace ; Stockage
The article deals with the big land requirements of renewable energies, the regenerative kombi power station and the locations for energy storage. The aim of the paper is, with help of GIS, to clarify the high space efficiency of the development
of renewable energies. The A. would like the Geography sensitize of this special topic. - (IfL)
Electricité ; Energie ; Energie nucléaire ; Europe ; Europe de l'Ouest ; Géographie humaine ; Production ; Prospective
in western Europe is being affected by public unrest over certain environmental and safety problems. The need for some kind of energy policy is emphasized. Despite efforts to stress the importance of nuclear power to the energy economy, a lack of integration
The importance of electrical energy to the European economy is discussed before attention is focused on the spatial and temporal aspects of nuclear power production between 1956 and 1990. It is demonstrated how the diffusion of nuclear power
Changes in the structure of food retail and wholesale: effects on energy demand
Choix spatial ; Circuit de distribution ; Commerce ; Commerce de détail ; Commerce de gros ; Comportement des consommateurs ; Consommation d'énergie ; Finlande ; Modèle ; Produit alimentaire ; Stockage
Consumer behaviour ; Energy consumption ; Finland ; Food product ; Marketing channel ; Model ; Retail trade ; Spatial choice ; Storage site ; Trade ; Wholesale trade
The paper investigates the distribution chain of foodstuffs from the factory to the consumer, from the point of view of the different energy inputs needed. Connections between the changes in the structure of the distribution system and changes
in energy consumption are looked for. A model is developed for an energy audit of a distribution system, which is used to calculate the energy requirements of the Finnish food distribution system.
Signification des centrales d'énergie pour le développement polyfonctionnel des zones rurales en Poméranie occidentale
Biomasse ; Collectivité locale ; Développement ; Energie ; Energie renouvelable ; Espace rural ; Exploitation agricole ; Matière première ; Pologne ; Pomorze ; Source d'énergie
Biomass ; Development ; Energy ; Energy source ; Farm ; Local government ; Poland ; Pomerania ; Raw materials ; Renewable energy ; Rural area
Development of renewable sources of energy creates a chance for local communities, for local communities, for local agribusiness development and new employment in rural area. There are many advantages showing the need of development of energetics
using renewable farming raw materials as energy sources - these are factors of social, economic, agricultural and ecological character. Potential biomass used to energetistic have to be suitable conditions to be created to be able to use the existing
Applied climatology ; Climatic variability ; Forecast ; Global change ; Interannual variability ; Model ; Renewable energy ; Seasonal variability ; Vulnerability
. Consequently, the urgent need to forecast energy supply and demand has fuelled an interest in climate variability and climate forecasting at the seasonal and inter-annual scales.
The vulnerability of the renewable energy industry to climate variability and change has become patently obvious with severe weather (droughts, heat waves, harsh winters) creating energy crises in various parts of the globe in recent years
Developing countries ; Emerging countries ; Energy ; Energyneed ; Energy policy ; International relations ; United Nations
Besoin énergétique ; Energie ; Nations-Unies ; Pays en développement ; Pays émergents ; Politique énergétique ; Relations internationales
Les besoins mondiaux en énergie se caractérisent par une croissance continue, notamment des pays émergents, et par la diffusion de nouvelles technologies liées à l'énergie. Dans les pays en voie de développement, le déficit en durabilité, le manque
Energy trade-offs and market responses in transport and residential land-use patterns : promoting sustainable development policy
Belfast ; Comportement des ménages ; Consommation d'énergie ; Développement durable ; Développement urbain ; Northern Ireland ; Politique urbaine ; Royaume-Uni ; Réseau de transports ; Transport urbain ; Utilisation du sol
Belfast ; Energy consumption ; Household behaviour ; Land use ; Northern Ireland ; Sustainable development ; Transport network ; United Kingdom ; Urban development ; Urban policy ; Urban transport
can achieve significant reductions in the second type energy consumption and modest reductions in the first type energy use. But the development policy needs to achieve the acquiescence of the consumer.
Sustainable development policy is examined for the Belfast Matropolitan Area using a range of linked aggregate and disaggregate models. Energy trade-offs are modelled for both private dwellings and traffic-related energy sources. Land-use policies
Urban infrastructure dynamics : market regulation and the shaping of district energy in UK cities
Chauffage urbain ; District ; Efficacité économique ; Electricité ; Energie ; Espace urbain ; Infrastructure ; Libéralisation ; Royaume-Uni ; Réglementation ; Régulation du marché
District ; Economic efficiency ; Electricity ; Energy ; Infrastructure ; Liberalisation ; Market regulation ; Regulation ; United Kingdom ; Urban area
Using the example of district energy in a number of UK cities, the article outlines the ways in which the structure of national electricity markets and the activities of the energy regulator influence and shape the development of low-carbon
infrastructure in cities. This study points to significant tensions and misalignments between a regulatory regime designed to promote economic efficiencies in incumbent national infrastructure sectors and the development of district energy systems at the urban
scale. It proposes that regulation needs to evolve from its traditional emphasis on promoting competition and short-term efficiencies towards a more dynamic model which is open to alternative logics and low-carbon transition pathways.
Argentina ; Electricity ; Energy ; Energyneed ; Hydraulic works ; Neuquén ; Water energy
Aménagement hydraulique ; Argentine ; Besoin énergétique ; El Chocón ; Electricité ; Energie ; Energie hydraulique ; Neuquén
Les alternatives de développement du système hydraulique El Chocón, province de Neuquén, en quête d'énergie, et de la ville créée à cette occasion. Entre 1960 et 1993, c'est l'Etat national qui dirige ; depuis 1993, il y a eu la privatisation de
A new theory for an age-old problem: ecological modernisation and the production of nuclear energy in South Africa
Afrique du Sud ; Croissance économique ; Energie nucléaire ; Environnement ; Justice environnementale ; Modernisation écologique ; Protection de l'environnement
Ecological modernization ; Economic growth ; Environment ; Environmental conservation ; Environmental justice ; Nuclear energy ; South Africa
economic goals and environmental protection within the nuclear energy sector, whilst meeting the needs of society. The approach of ecological modernisation is assessed and its relevance to current debates. - (AJC)
South Africa has historically enjoyed an ability to generate energy cheaply through the use of abundant coal reserves, which has been a key component in the promotion of economic growth. This paper assesses whether it is possible to reconcile
Air temperature ; Albedo ; Bibliography ; Energy balance ; Glacier ; Meltwater ; Model ; Radiation
, modelling of turbulent fluxes and spatial and temporal variability in albedo constitute major uncertainties in current energy-balance models, and thus need further research.
During the last few decades, a large variety of melt models have been developed, ranging from simple temperature-index to sophisticated energy-balance models. There is a recent trend towards modelling with both high temporal and spatial resolution