The Soviet Union has thus far not been among the leading countries in solar energy research because of the high costs involved, the country's northern location and its seemingly ample fossil fuel reserves. In recent years, however, as future
supplies of Soviet oil have become more uncertain, interest in solar energy has accelerated. Research centers are concentrated in the south, especially in the Crimea, Armenia and Central Asia. Work focuses mainly on practical applications, such as solar
stills and ovens, water pumps, cooling systems, and space heating, as well as basic studies on more complex technologies such as photovoltaics, solar furnaces, and large central power stations.
Solar activity and climate in Climatic variations and variability: facts and theories.
Solar activity cannot be disregarded as a possible external cause of the Little Ice Age and the 20th century climatic warming. Climatic responses to the 11-and 22-year solar cycles, although relatively weak are in evidence. Further (case-) studies
of short-term influences of solar activity on the atmosphere may reveal the physical nature of these statistical sun climate relationships. Suggested mechanisms have not been tested quantitatively in numerical models of the atmosphere, with the exception
Changes in solar constant over an 11 yr cycle suggest a certain, but limited, degree of solar forcing of climate. The high-resolution climate (oxygen isotope) record of the Greenland GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) ice core has been analyzed
for solar (and volcanic) influences. The atmospheric C 14 record is used as a proxy of solar change and compared to the oxygen isotope profile in the GISP2 ice core. Solar forcing during the surprisingly strong 1470 yr climate cycle of the 11,000-75,000 yr
Mean monthly values of the share of diffused solar radiation in global solar radiation were calculated for 44 stations in Poland. Calculations were carried out according to the authors's empirical formula, in which the ratio of diffused to global
solar radiation is presented as a function of sunshine duration. The geographical distribution of the share of diffused radiation in the global one shows a discinct seasonal variation. - (DG)
NUMERO CONSACRE A CE THEME. ON LIRA EN PARTICULIER: L'ENERGIE SOLAIRE, MYTHE? OU REALITE DE DEMAIN. SOLAR ENERGY: MYTH? OR TOMORROW SALVATION, PP. 3-27| J. M. ET G. ALEXANDROFF ET AL. L'ENERGIE SOLAIRE AU SERVICE DE L'AGRICULTURE: POMPAGE DE L'EAU
EN ZONES ARIDES. SOLAR ENERGY IN THE SERVICE OF AGRICULTURE: PUMPING OF WATER IN ARID REGIONS, PP. 34-50. (MG).
Spatial coherence of solar radiation for regions in the central and eastern United States
This study utilizes a 30-year record of daily solar radiation values for closely spaced sites in order to study the spatial coherence of solar radiation for several regions within the central and eastern United States. Utilization of this long-term
record will enable a more comprehensive meso-scale characterization of the spatial aspects of the solar radiation climates.
Climatic variability along a north-south transect of Finland over the last 500 years : signature of solar influence or internal climate oscillations ?
Climate ; Climatic variability ; Dendrochronology ; Dendroclimatology ; Dendrology ; Finland ; Palaeoclimatology ; Solar activity ; Solar cycle ; Statistical analysis
(17-23 year) and decadal (9-13 year) periodicities governed the climate variability in Finland over the last five centuries. Despite the fact that many of the climatic periodicities bore great resemblance to periodicities of solar cycles, little
evidence of actual solar influence on Finnish climate was found.
Relationship between solar radiation and the development and morphology of small cirque glaciers (Maladeta Mountain massif, Central Pyrenees, Spain)
The aim of this study was to assess differences in solar radiation on 3 glacial cirques located in the Maladeta Mountain massif, and analyses their implications on glacier development and morphology. A quantitative approach is adopted to obtain
the values of solar radiation (direct, diffuse and global radiation), combining several field data parameters (measured at 55 control-points) with the solar radiation modelling package Ecosim. The results are compared with the spatial distribution
and morphology of glacial features, and a first estimation of the influence of solar radiation on glaciation/deglaciation processes in the Maladeta massif is thus made.
The role of solar energy in the Hungarian energy structure is considered. The area investigated offers no primary energy sources| it underlines the importance of solar energy. Equipments to convert solar energy are described. (DLO).
Mapping direct solar radiation heat for agricultural purposes in Environmental and dynamic geomorphology.
A brief information on computing heat from direct solar radiation during the growing season. The map presented may contribute to the re-designing of cropland pattern of ill agricultural areas in Hungary. (DLO).
Algeria ; Energy ; Mathematical model ; Solar energy ; Solar radiation ; Statistical analysis
A method of smoothing solar data by beta probality distributions is applied to process daily sunshine duration data recorded at thirty-three meteorological stations in Algeria for eleven year periods or more. Knowing the sunshine duration data
and thanks to the Angström equation, the mean global solar radiation flux is estimated. - (BJ)
Change of the solar radiation and its causes in the Haihe River Basin and surrounding areas
The temporal and spatial variations of solar radiation and the cause of the change in solar radiation have been analyzed based on meteorological data from 46 national meteorological stations and aerosol index data from TOMS over the Haihe River
Basin and surrounding areas. The results have shown that solar radiation and direct radiation significantly decreased, while scattered radiation increased during the period 1957–2008. Spatially, the decreasing trend of solar radiation was more and more
significant from low population density areas to high population density areas. The spatial distribution of increase in aerosol index is consistent with that of decrease in solar radiation. The increase in aerosols resulting from human activities
was an important reason for the decrease in solar radiation.