Ecosystem services : exploring a geographical perspective
Ecosystem services
Années 2000 ; Bibliographie ; Bien-être ; Biodiversité ; Concept ; Développement durable ; Eco-développement ; Ecosystème ; Impact économique ; Patrimoine naturel ; Relation société-environnement ; Service
Bibliography ; Biodiversity ; Concept ; Ecodevelopment ; Economic impact ; Ecosystem ; Natural heritage ; Service ; Society-environment relationship ; Sustainable development ; The 2000's ; Well-being
The AA. review some current and emerging issues arising in relation to the analysis and assessment of ecosystem services, and in particular emphasize the need for physical geographers to find new ways of characterizing the structure and dynamics
of service providing units. A better understanding of the trade-offs that need to be considered when dealing with multifunctional ecosystems is also required. Future developments must include methods for describing and tracking the stocks and flows
that characterize natural capital. A geographical perspective can provide important new, critical insights into the place-based approaches to ecosystem assessment that are now emerging.
Environmental decision making and an ecosystems approach : some challenges from the perspective of social science
Ecosystem services
Bien-être ; Concept ; Développement durable ; Ecosystème ; Environnement ; Gestion de l'environnement ; Service ; Stratégie d'acteurs
Concept ; Decision making process ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental management ; Service ; Sustainable development ; Well-being
This paper highlights 2 recurring and cross-cutting aspects of an ecosystems approach around which credible treatments of ecosystem services can be realized, not only in theory, but also in practice : first, the need to think ‘holistically’ about
how any given project, proposal or plan would impact on service provision and human well-being; and, second, the need to manage ecosystem services in relation to wider stakeholder values, needs and priorities. While thinking about decision making from
the perspective of ecosystem services is no panacea for sustainability, the paper points to a number of social science issues that interdisciplinary researchers could usefully address in these 2 contexts.
Integrating sciences to sustain urban ecosystem services
Ecosystem services
Cours d'eau ; Développement durable ; Eau ; Ecosystème ; England ; Environnement urbain ; Gestion de l'eau ; Gestion de l'environnement ; London ; Restauration écologique ; Royaume-Uni ; Service
Ecological restoration ; Ecosystem ; England ; Environmental management ; London ; Service ; Stream ; Sustainable development ; United Kingdom ; Urban environment ; Water ; Water management
This paper presents a review of ecosystem services associated with water, particularly those in urban environments, and uses the emerging language of ecosystem services to provide a framework for discussion. The range of supporting, provisioning
, regulating and cultural ecosystem services associated with differing types of urban water bodies are identified. A matrix is then used to evaluate the results of a series of social, ecological and physical science studies co-located on a single stretch
Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services
Ecosystem services
Années 2000 ; Bibliographie ; Biodiversité ; Concept ; Ecosystème ; Gestion de l'environnement ; Gouvernance ; Marchandisation ; Relation société-environnement ; Service ; Valeur économique
Bibliography ; Biodiversity ; Commodification ; Concept ; Economic value ; Ecosystem ; Environmental management ; Governance ; Service ; Society-environment relationship ; The 2000's
This paper revisits the controversy on economic valuation of ecosystem services in the light of 2 aspects that are often neglected in ongoing debates. First, the role of the particular institutional setup in which environmental policy and governance
the institutional setup and broader sociopolitical processes that have become prominent since the late 1980s economic valuation is likely to pave the way for the commodification of ecosystem services with potentially counterproductive effects in the long term
for biodiversity conservation and equity of access to ecosystem services benefits.
Patterns and driving factors of WUE and NUE in natural forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of Eastern China
Adaptation ; Azote ; Changement climatique ; Chine ; Chine de l'Est ; Cycle biogéochimique ; Cycle de l'azote ; Cycle de l'eau ; Cycle du carbone ; Date 2008 ; Ecosystème ; Forêt ; Utilisation de l'eau
Adaptation ; Biogeochemical cycle ; Carbon cycle ; China ; Climatic change ; Eastern China ; Ecosystem ; Forest ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen cycle ; Water cycle ; Water use
From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the 9 natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC). Based on these samples, the AA
efficiency of forest ecosystems. However, vegetation could adapt to those changes by increasing the use efficiency of shortage resource while decreasing the relatively ample one. But extreme impacts, such as heavy nitrogen deposition, would break this trade
-off mechanism and give a dramatic disturbance to the ecosystem biogeochemical cycle.
2011
[b1] Key lab. of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, Chine
Managing peatland ecosystem services : current UK policy and future challenges in a changing world
Biodiversité ; Développement durable ; Ecosystème ; Environnement ; Royaume-Uni ; Tourbière ; Utilisation du sol
Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Land use ; Peat bog ; Sustainable development ; United Kingdom
Sustainable peatland management has recently risen up the UK political agenda as links between peatland ecosystem services and key political priorities, such as rural livelihoods, agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, and carbon
emissions, have become established. By adopting an ecosystem approach, something that has become internationally advocated through the Convention on Biological Diversity, to understanding the objectives and sustainability of UK peatland management
, this paper reviews contemporary policies relating to three broad categories of peatland ecosystem service (provisioning ; regulating and cultural), developed at multiple levels (global to local). We highlight problems associated with incomplete knowledge
about complex peatland ecosystem processes and disconnected policies and strategies. The review concludes by discussing the kinds of integrated land use policies that are beginning to emerge in the UK and may shape future peatland management.
Protecting aquatic ecosystems in heavily allocated river systems : the case of the Oldman River Basin, Alberta
Alberta ; Bassin fluvial ; Canada ; Eau ; Ecologie politique ; Ecosystème aquatique ; Gestion de l'eau ; Irrigation ; Politique culturelle ; Protection de l'environnement
Alberta ; Aquatic ecosystem ; Canada ; Cultural policy ; Environmental conservation ; Irrigation ; Political ecology ; River basin ; Water ; Water management
L'accent est mis sur les facteurs qui interviennent dans la mise en oeuvre de politiques de protection des écosystèmes aquatiques du bassin de la rivière Oldman, qui alimente une région semi-aride du sud de l'Alberta. Nécessité de prendre en compte
To analyze the characteristics of change in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange in the daytime (NEE) and to calculate the parameters related to photosynthesis and respiration in different solar radiation environments, the NEE measurements were taken
meadow ecosystem will have a higher carbon absorption potential while solar radiation decreases in the future.
2011
[b1] Key lab. of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, Chine
Les A.A présentent une méthode basée sur l’analyse répartition-redistribution pour quantifier la valeur des services d’écosystèmes qui sont appropriés de manière indirecte par les activités économiques de la région d’Auckland. Elle permet, à travers
les chaînes de production de rendre visible et tangible la demande indirecte de biens et de services fournis par les écosystèmes de la région. Les deux études de cas (le transport aérien et les services aux entreprises) montrent les interdépendances
critiques des services des écosystèmes avec l’économie locale.
Exploring ecosystem service issues across diverse knowledge domains using Bayesian Belief Networks
Ecosystem services
Analyse multicritère ; Bien-être ; Biodiversité ; Cartographie ; Ecosystème ; Gestion de l'environnement ; Modèle ; Réseau bayésien ; Scénario ; Service ; Système d'information géographique
Biodiversity ; Cartography ; Ecosystem ; Environmental management ; Geographical information system ; Model ; Multi-criteria analysis ; Scenario ; Service ; Well-being
The paper draws on case studies to examine the use of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) as a means of implementing analytical-deliberative approaches in relation to mapping ecosystem services and modelling scenario outcomes. It also explores their use
Changement climatique ; Cryosphère ; Ecosystème ; Fluctuation du glacier ; Haute montagne ; Hydrologie ; Limite supérieure de la forêt ; Montagne ; Propriétés du sol ; Utilisation du sol ; Végétation ; Zonation altitudinale
Altitudinal zonation ; Climatic change ; Cryosphere ; Ecosystem ; Glacier fluctuation ; High mountain ; Hydrology ; Land use ; Mountain ; Soil properties ; Tree line ; Vegetation
Due to the system complexity and multifaceted interacting drivers, understanding current responses and predicting future changes in the mountain ecosystems is extremely difficult. The AA. aim to discuss potential effects of global change on mountain
ecosystems and give examples of the underlying response mechanisms as they are understood at present. Based on the development of scientific global change research in mountains and its recent structures, they identify future research needs, highlighting
Don ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; European part of Russia ; Freshwater environment ; Human impact ; Organic materials ; Photosynthesis ; Pollution ; Watershed
l’écosystème, qui utilise les paramètres cités plus haut, correspond à l’évolution générale des structures de dispersion. La vitesse de changement des rapports entre la destruction et la production peut être vue en tant qu’un critère thermodynamique de
Water balance changes and responses of ecosystems and society in the Berlin-Brandenburg region – a review
Action anthropique ; Allemagne ; Berlin ; Brandenburg ; Changement climatique ; Drainage ; Ecosystème ; Environnement ; Hydrologie ; Ressource en eau ; Régime hydrologique ; Utilisation du sol
Berlin ; Brandenburg ; Climatic change ; Drainage ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Germany ; Human impact ; Hydrological regime ; Hydrology ; Land use ; Water resources
Les AA. étudient les changements du régime hydrologique survenus au cours des trente dernières années dans la région de Berlin-Brandebourg, leur causes et leurs impacts sur l’écosystème et sur la société. Ils montrent qu’elle est caractérisée par
Biogeochemistry ; Ecosystem ; European part of Russia ; Geochemistry ; Karelia ; Ladoga Lake ; Lake ; Limnology ; Mathematical model ; Phosphorus ; Plankton ; The 1990's
L’étude de la transformation de l’écosystème du lac Ladoga en 1996-2005 a montré que la baisse de la concentration en phosphore après 1995 n’a pas conduit à la diminution de la productivité de l’écosystème du lac. Ce phénomène est expliqué par la
Asian part of Russia ; Ecosystem ; Impact study ; Kamchatka ; Lava flow ; Russian Far East ; Vegetation ; Volcanic activity ; Volcanism ; Volcano
l’écosystème d’une grande partie du territoire. Il analyse également les conséquences des impacts directs dûs à l’activité explosive et effusive du volcan.
Antarctica ; Ecosystem ; Hydrology ; Lake ; Landscape ; Monitoring ; Oasis ; Research ; Twentieth Century ; Twenty-first century
recherches ont eu lieu et décrit les résultats scientifiques obtenus. Il est montré que pour obtenir une analyse d’ensemble performante de l’état actuel des écosystèmes antarctiques, il est important d’élargir le réseau de surveillance glacio-hydrologique et
Biodiversité ; Ecosystème ; Flore ; Golfe de Kandalakcha ; Ile ; Mer Blanche ; Néotectonique ; Protection de la nature ; Russie d'Europe ; Typologie
Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; European part of Russia ; Flora ; Island ; Kandalaksha Gulf ; Nature conservation ; Neotectonics ; Typology ; White Sea
Présentation des caractéristiques floristiques des îles du golf de Kandalakcha dans la mer Blanche. L’A. décrit les étapes du développement des écosystèmes terrestres qui se forment sous l’impact du soulèvement néotectonique. Il détermine les
Biodiversity ; Carbon sequestration ; Cartography ; Concept ; Economic value ; Ecosystem ; Environmental management ; Mountain ; Service ; Society-environment relationship ; Spatial analysis ; Tanzania ; Well-being
In light of the significance that ecosystem service research is likely to play in linking conservation activities and human welfare, systematic approaches to measuring, modeling and mapping ecosystem services (and their value to society) are sorely
needed. In this paper the AA. outline one such approach, which they developed in order to understand the links between the functioning of the ecosystems of Tanzania’s Eastern Arc Mountains and their impact on human welfare at local, regional and global