Evidence for a large earthquake and tsunami 100-400 years ago on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia
British Columbia ; C 14 dating ; Canada ; Earthquake ; Global tectonics ; Palaeogeography ; Stratigraphy ; Subduction ; Subsidence ; Tsunami
New stratigraphic evidence and radiocarbon ages, presented in this paper, show that the zone of subsidence associated with earthquakes in the Cascadia subduction zone may extend north to central Vancouver Island. The evidence is in accord
with geodetic data and geophysical modelling which indicate that part of the plate boundary off Vancouver Island is locked and capable of producing great earthquakes.
Earthquakes and plate tectonics in The Earth: its origin, structure and evolution.
In this review of observations and hypotheses pertinent to earthquake occurence, emphasis is placed on major earthquakes at non-accretionary plate margins because these events account for nearly all seismically related slip. Among the more topical
problems given at least brief mention are possible relationships between global seismicity and plate dynamics, stress drops and apparent stress from earthquakes, tectonic stress near plate margins and within the plates, and mechanical properties of the slip
Earthquake resistant building design codes and safety standards : the California experience
Adaptation ; California ; Earthquake ; Natural hazards ; United States of America ; Urban construction
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake provided the first real impetus for establishing building design codes and safety standards. Subsequent major California earthquakes led to additional seismological understanding and engineering response in the form
The earthquake that struck L’Aquila on April 6 2009 directly affected the Gran Sasso aquifer. Co-seismic and post-seismic changes in groundwater discharge and in hydrochemistry, possibly induced by the earthquake, were observed. Spot and monitoring
measurements of the spring discharge, of water table level and of the main physico-chemical parameters of spring waters (T, pH, electrical conductivity, major ions and 222Rn) were thus carried out to determine the effects of the L’Aquila earthquake
on groundwater at regional and local scale, to be compared with available data collected since the 1990s. Short- and mid-term effects have been observed in the groundwater flow at recharge and discharge areas. A conceptual model of the earthquake consequences
Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone
British Columbia ; C 14 dating ; California ; Canada ; Coastal environment ; Earthquake ; Holocene ; Natural hazards ; North America ; Oregon ; Plate tectonics ; Subduction ; Tectonics ; Tsunami ; United States of America ; Washington State
Comparison of histories of great earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis at 8 coastal sites suggests plate-boundary ruptures of varying length, implying great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone. Inference of rupture
length relies on degree of overlap on radiocarbon age ranges for earthquakes and tsunamis, and relative amounts of coseismic subsidence and heights of tsunamis. Rupture patterns suggest that the plate boundary in northern Cascadia usually breaks in long
Archaeological evidence for village abandonment associated with late Holocene earthquakes at the northern Cascadia subduction zone
Archaeology ; Archeological site ; British Columbia ; Canada ; Coastal environment ; Earthquake ; Geochronology ; Holocene ; North America ; Prehistory ; Quaternary ; Sea level ; Subduction ; Tsunami ; United States of America ; Washington
The AA. assess the concurrence of earthquake events and phases of village abandonment during the past 3000 years in northern Washington and southern British Columbia. This evidence comes from native oral traditions and correlations between
the archaeological record and a chronology of great earthquakes in Cascadia. Interbedded or bounding tsunami deposits in midden stratigraphy, or hiatuses in the occupation of each site that immediately postdate known earthquakes, are taken as supporting evidence
Holocene earthquakes inferred from a fan-delta sequence in the Dead Sea graben
C 14 dating ; Dead Sea ; Delta ; Earthquake ; Fault ; Graben ; Holocene ; Israel ; Neotectonics ; Quaternary ; Sedimentary ; Stratigraphy ; Transforming fault
The Holocene sequence of the fan-delta of Nahal Darga, in Israel, records deformation associated with earthquakes related to the Dead Sea Transform in general and to the Jericho Fault in particular. 20 radiocarbon ages help to date the earthquakes
that are inferred from displacement along faults, liquefaction features associated with 11 separate sandy and silty layers, and slumped allochtonous bodies of sediments located directly above one of the main splays of the Jericho Fault. On average, an earthquake
Renewal of tidal forests in Washington State after a subduction earthquake in A.D. 1700
Alaska ; Comparative study ; Dendrochronology ; Earthquake ; Estuary ; Forest ; Intertidal zone ; Palaeobiogeography ; Palaeogeography ; Spruce ; Subduction ; United States of America ; Vegetation dynamics ; Washington State
This paper presents evidence that an earthquake made such trees scarce at estuaries of westernmost Washington. Remains of dead trees and ring counts in living trees show that an A.D. 1700 earthquake reset an ecological clock by changing forests
into tidal flats. Postearthquake tides, and perhaps uplift as well, then created land on which new trees became established. Such renewal, seen also in Alaska after an earthquake in 1964, probably explains why Washington's tidal forests now contain few
The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake significantly altered the landscape of central Taiwan. Surface deformation produced by the earthquake along the trace of the Chelungpu thrust can be classified into 2 styles : uplift without significant surface rupture
sulphate content of groundwater were probably the principal cause of diverse landscape deformation in response to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake.
earthquakes also have the potential to leave a record in the rock, chiefly in the form of mineral precipitates. A new branch of neotectonics is proposed: neohydrotectonics concerned with the fossil record of hydrogeological changes that have accompanied
Discourse ; Dominican Republic ; Earthquake ; Haiti ; Human rights ; International relations ; Migration ; National identity ; Political geography ; Post-colonialism ; Violence ; Woman
Estimating potential capital losses from large earthquakes
British Columbia ; Canada ; Catastrophe ; Damage valuation ; Earthquake ; Economic impact ; Forecast ; Model ; Scenario ; Vancouver
Total capital losses are estimated for two earthquake scenarios in a major urban centre in the Cascadia subduction zone in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Aggregate loss estimates for capital stock are sufficiently robust to reduce
Large mid-Holocene and late Pleistocene earthquakes on the Oquirrh fault zone, Utah
C 14 dating ; Earthquake ; Fault ; Geochronology ; Geological map ; Quaternary ; Seismicity ; United States ; Utah
. The results emphasize the importance of integrating stratigraphic and geomorphic information in fault investigations for earthquake hazard evaluations.
The AA. present the results obtained by using two distinct approches to the characterization of the seimic potential of the Irpinia and Messina faults. These two earthquakes highlight the importance of considering a broader range of geological
Incomplete compilations lead to a revision of sources and texts connected with passed earthquakes. A more correct localization of the quakes of 1000, 1081 and 1095 is proposed. A catalogue of the earthquakes between 700 and 1800 is presented
. Detailed study of the earthquakes of 1382, 1449 and 1580 affecting England and the continent at the same time. - (LW)