Congestion ; Mode choice ; Pollution ; Traffic ; Transport network ; Transport policy ; United States ; Urban structure ; Urban transport
A new convergence of opinion and public policy is emerging by the 1990s, involving a mix of direct environmental regulations, the use of pricing and fiscal measures to influence personal and business choice in transport matters and a reexamination
of land-use and regional policies. It ceased to be policy to expand road space in line with a « demand » untested by supply constraints.
Agricultural policy in China : application of planning versus market principles
Agricultural policy ; Agriculture ; China ; Market economy ; Planning ; Rural development ; Rural economy
In this article, we have characterized key stages of agricultural sector development and policy orientation in China over the last decades. In the main parts of the paper a more detailed economic analysis of the basic principles on agricultural
Regional innovation policy. Case-studies from the Ruhr area, Baden-Württemberg and the North East of England
Economic restructuring ; Germany ; Industrial region ; Industrial space ; Innovation ; Regional development ; Regional economy ; Regional policy ; United Kingdom
The main objective of this study is to identify, compare and monitor the latest trends in regional innovation policies and initiatives to restructure and stimulate the regional economy in two old industrial areas, namely the Ruhr area and the North
Government policy ; Hungary ; Settlement ; Settlement history ; Settlement system ; Urban network
During the years of state socialism (1948-1989) the direct influence of the communist party was felt on the settlement and regional development policy. The settlement policy of this period was large town oriented, and the majority of the village
Rural development is described as a series of historical layers of economic development and policies. Since 1945 there have been three successive national policy projects in Finland, with different rural impacts : the settlement project; the project
of the industrial welfare state; and the emerging project of « new rural policy ». The paper focuses on the two periods of transformation from one project to the next.
Belgium ; Economic policy ; Finance ; Public finance ; Region ; Regional policy ; Social policy ; Wallonie
La présentation du budget 1992 de la Région wallonne souligne notamment la mise en oeuvre d'accents nouveaux de politiques dans l'ordre de priorité déterminé par la Déclaration de Politique régionale : lutte contre l'exclusion sociale, transports en
California ; Economic restructuring ; Homelessness ; Housing ; Housing policy ; Inner city;Town centre ; Land use ; Los Angeles ; United States ; Urban policy
Local economic policy and job creation : a review of evaluation studies
Allocation ; Cost-benefit analysis ; Economic impact ; Economic policy ; Economic theory ; Induced effect ; Job creation ; Local economy ; Methodology ; Multiplicator ; United Kingdom
The paper focuses on a number of leading evaluation studies which have examined major economic policy initiatives in Great Britain, such as the Urban Programme, Enterprise Zones and the Regional Enterprise Grant. The first part considers
The paper examines how the Irish language emerged as one of the foundations of Irish identity and how the education system became the cornerstone of the state's language policy. Nation-building is treated as a dynamic process where views of national
identity are contested and debated before particular state policies are adopted.