L'influence de la déforestation sur le climat moyen serait un peu moindre qu'on ne l'imaginait, sauf en ce qui concerne l'élévation des températures maximales en saison sèche et la diminution de l'activité convective, particulièrement sur l'Amazonie
méridionale et l'ouest de l'Afrique équatoriale. Mais la déforestation accroît fortement la variabilité du climat sur la courte période. - (JPB)
The AA. emply a range of unpublished and published missionary correspondence and travelogues to examine two key aspects regarding the conceptualization of and responses to climaticvariability in the region. First, they explore the way in which
missionaries positioned climatevariability within a moral economic framework and illustrate their attitude towards local drought myths and rainmaking superstitions. Second, they examine the introduction of irrigation technology to the region
Climate ; Dam ; Evaporation ; Hydraulic works ; Precipitation ; Tunisia ; Water ; Water budget
In this survey we contribute to the evaluation of the dependence between water balance of big dams towards climate and notably towards the rain and the evaporation. The modest and variable rain contrast with a high and less variable evaporation
. But the variability of inflow remain superior to the one of the rain and overtake from afar the one of the evaporation. - (BJ)
Climatic change and variability in Southern Africa.
Emphasis is laid upon variations in climate over the period of meteorological record. The circulation of the atmosphere in the southern hemisphere is considered and linked to the fluctuation patterns determined by analytical methods. - (AJC)
Yield and climate data are analysed to obtain relationships between yield variability and weather variability. The analysis indicates that the influence of weather variability on crop yield is greater in regions with poor agroclimatic resources than
High Arctic patchy wetlands : hydrologic variability and their sustainability
Canada ; Climaticvariability ; Climatic warming ; Cold area ; Freeze-thaw cycle ; Humid environment ; Interannual variability ; Nunavut ; Polar region ; Seasonal variability ; Water balance
Wetlands in the polar desert environment of the High Arctic provide a special ecologic niche for the tundra plants, insects, birds, and animals. This paper examines how these wetlands adjust to short-term fluctuations in the climate, and how
Atmospheric circulation ; Climate ; Climate oscillation ; Climatic change ; Climatic data ; Climatic trend ; Climatic warming ; Ireland ; Model ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Precipitation ; Synoptic climatology ; Temperature ; Twentieth Century
to the influence of the North Atlantic Ocean, it is concluded that Irish climate is following similar trajectories to those predicted by global climate models. Climaticvariables investigated included the key temperature and precipitation data series from the Irish
synoptic station network. Secondary climate indicators such as frequency of hot and cold days were found to reveal more variable trends.
This paper presents an assessment of indicators of climate change in Ireland over the past century. Trends are examined in order to determine the magnitude and direction of ongoing climate change. Although detection of a trend is difficult due
This article presents the variability to selected extreme climatic phenomena in Poland in the second half of the 20th century. The main attention is paid to the search for exceptional values for indicators or trends that might be regarded as effects
of global warming. Among the circulation indicators considered are the variability to the influx of Arctic and tropical air masses in the period 1951-1999, as well as the numbers of days with fronts.
Agriculture ; Climaticvariability ; Climatic variation ; Forest ; Global change ; Human impact ; Impact
Les six premiers chapitres traitent de la variabilité du climat, qu'elle soit naturelle ou liée à l'action humaine, et de ses effets, présents ou potentiels, sur l'agriculture et les forêts. Viennent ensuite des études de cas, beaucoup plus
concrètes, un inventaire des mesures à prendre (notamment pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire des pays en voie de développement) et un exposé très original des effets de l'agriculture ou des forêts sur le climat. - (JPB)
Quantification of catchment discharge sensitivity to climatevariability
Atmospheric circulation ; Climaticvariability ; France ; Global change ; Hydrology ; Loire ; Model ; Watershed
The aim of the present study is to formulate a regional model in order to better understand and quantify the hydrological sensitivity of catchments with respect to climatic change. In the model presently occuring maximum reservoir storage
in catchments is linked to catchment storage capacity and climatic input. Using climatic scenarios as determined by global circulation models the model ca be extended to include future catchment discharge sensitivity. - (AGD)
La rigueur de l'hiver représente une contrainte naturelle pour les hommes et le cheptel, mais aussi un facteur clé d'ordre politique et socio-économique. Les AA. abordent les conséquences de ce climat froid sur l'élévage extensif et la politique
Recent studies regarding the climatevariability in South America during the 20th century, revealed the existence of climate cycles that influenced the hydrologic conditions in the Paraná River basin. How that variability affected the channel
morphology of this river in its middle reach is quantitatively analyzed in this paper. The link between climate, hydrology and channel morphology is obtained through the computation of effective discharge. The analysis involved the processing of more than 180
This paper will present global maps of all 4 components of the 1948 Thornwaite climate classification, a long-time wish of J.R. Mather, to whom this paper is dedicated. In addition, a revised Thornwaite-type climate classification is presented
with the intent of providing a more rational climate classification for everyday use in a classroom setting. This classification uses an amended version of the Thornthwaite moisture index.
Recent climatevariability and future climate change scenarios for Great Britain
Atmospheric circulation ; Climatic anomaly ; Climaticvariability ; Climatic variation ; Climatic warming ; Global change ; Great Britain ; Impact ; Model ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; United Kingdom
This article reviews recent climatically extreme periods in Great Britain and presents results from the latest general circulation model (GCM) experiments showing the possible spatial patterns and magnitude of future climate change for this region
. Results from recent ensemble GCM experiments with and without the effects of sulphate aerosols are presented. These show broadly similar changes in temperature and precipitation to previous climate change scenarios prepared for Great Britain. These changes
that demonstrate major changes in these variables over the last 2000 years. A comparison between atmospheric C 14 and these changes in climate demonstrates a first-order relationship between a variable Sun and climate. The relationship is seen on a global scale.
The AA. concentrate on hydrologic and atmospheric circulation changes occurring over the last 2000 years. Here, 8 latitudinally well distributed (pole-equator-pole), highly resolved (annual to decadal) climate poxy records are presented
Modelling the geomorphological impact of climaticvariability and extreme events in a semi-arid environment
Arid area ; Badland ; Castilla-La Mancha ; Climaticvariability ; Climatic variation ; Desertification ; Ecosystem ; Heavy rain ; Model ; Semi-arid area ; Soil erosion ; Spain
This paper examines the impact of climaticvariability on hydrology and vegetation cover using the PATTERN ecosystem model. Significant inter-annual and medium-term variability in the components of the hydrological budget and in vegetation
degradation. In this way, badlands are the relic of past climatic extremes and not necessarilyan indicator of present-day desertification.
to climate literacy lies in the understanding or perceived understanding of the term climate. In recent times, the subtle distinction between weather vs. climate, climatevariability vs. change, and natural vs. anthropogenic forcings appears to have been lost
This special issue stems from the need to highlight the widespread misconceptions about climate science in general, and to present successful strategies from which we can learn as we strive toward a climate-literate citizenry. One of the challenges
. The disconnect between actual climate science knowledge and perceived knowledge is pervasive in nature and global in extent. This special issue is a timely one that captures the state of knowledge concerning climate literacy at a critical watershed moment.