There are two types of processes active in the formation of a landscape at the same time: the endogenic (tectonic) and the exogenic (climate-driven) processes. These two types of processes may more or less balance each other, in which case
the actual aspect of a landscape corresponds to the instantaneous dynamic equilibrium between them. Extremely small accidental pertubations can cause the system to become unstable, leading to rapid changes in the landscape which are experienced as hazard
First, the geologic and climatic settings of Andorra are presented. Then, the general considerations of a hazard assessment and some background on the Andorran experiences are explained. Afterward, the approach applied in this study is described
Remote sensing of permafrost-related problems and hazards
Catastrophe ; Climatic warming ; Cold area ; Creep ; Digital elevation model ; Mass movement ; Natural hazards ; Permafrost ; Photogrammetry ; Remote sensing ; Sar imagery ; Satellite imagery
This paper reviews ground-based, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing methods suitable for permafrost hazard assessment and management. Digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from optical stereo, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or laser scanning
data are some of the most important data sets for investigating permafrost-related mass movements, thaw and heave processes, and hydrological hazards. Multi-temporal optical or SAR data are used to derive surface displacements on creeping and unstable
frozen slopes. Combining DTMs with results from spectral image classification, and with multi-temporal data from change detection and displacement measurements significantly improves the detection of hazard potential.
Adaptation ; Climatology ; Historical climate ; Ireland ; Local population ; Northern Ireland ; Palaeo-ecology ; Palaeoclimatology ; Risk ; Settlement ; Social geography ; Vulnerability
This paper seeks to prompt climate change researchers and climatehazard managers in Ireland to think expansively about the human potential for adjusting to anticipated climate perturbations in the twenty-first century. It argues that, in the past
the existing menu of human choices for the future. Evidence of the expanding gaze of humans on climatehazards is presented from a representative selection of monastic chronologies, letters, diaries and newspapers and the links to policy changes that eventually
, shifting and expanding combinations of anthropogenic factors propelled important changes of perception and response to disruptive climate events and it suggests that a thorough canvas of past experience with such transitions has the potential to enrich
followed in their wake are noted. At a time when innovations in information technology are redrawing the boundary between climate experts and laypersons, with uncertain but potentially far-reaching consequences, a systematic analysis of historical human
responses to disjunctive climate events in Ireland would be a useful tool for broadening the basis of climate decision-making.
Teaching natural hazards : the use of snow avalanches in demonstrating and addressing geographic topics and principles
Action anthropique ; Avalanche ; Biogéographie ; Catastrophe ; Climat ; Enseignement de la géographie ; Etats-Unis ; Généralités sur la géographie ; Géomorphologie ; Risque naturel ; Type de temps
Snow avalanches can be used to explicate weather and climate mechanisms, biogeographic principles, geomorphology, as well as human response and impact. - (DWG)
Climatic change ; Flash flood ; Hungary ; Landscape ; Man-environment relations ; Mass movement ; Model ; Natural hazards ; Soil erosion ; Vulnerability ; Water erosion ; Wind erosion
On the basis of the REMO and ALADIN climate models the expected climate change induced tendencies of landscape alteration and the related increase in natural hazards were analysed for the periods of 2021–2050 and 2071–2100. The changes
of the studied natural hazards (soil erosion, wind erosion, drought, flash floods and mass movements) were linked to the relevant climate parameters. As the basic unit area of the analysis 18 meso-regions were defined in the country. The determination
of the units was based on the homogeneity of landscape shaping factors and land use, thus the climate change affects the whole unit in the same way. The effects of the predictable climate change on the different natural hazards was analysed separately. Finally
the summarized sensitivity of the landscape to climate change was assessed by the synthesis of the five studied natural hazards. - (AM)
Regional climate change for the Baltic Sea is discussed first, with particular emphasis on recent findings for sea level (mean and extrema) and storm intensity. More thought is being given to the general problem of land (primarily arable
been summarized to identify the potential hazards. Various protection techniques are proposed to avoid loss of land.
The results are summarized of the correlation between the detailed geomorphological analysis and the geodynamic interpretation of the twelve high-precision levelling measurements of the earth's recent surface movements (1983-1989) in the hazardous
area of Jezeří Castle. Indicated are the types and regime of these movements which are climatic, tectonic and anthropogenous in origin. Both slightly and strongly deformed zones in the near-surface part of crystalline rocks massif were formed
Natural hazards in Romania induced by heavy rainfalls in 1996-1997
Climatic event ; Earthquake ; Flood ; Human impact ; Mass movement ; Natural hazards ; Precipitation ; Romania ; Soil erosion ; Wind
Romania is one of the European countries most frequently affected by natural hazards due to its position within the alpine orogenic system and against the main atmospheric pressure centres. This paper deals mainly with natural disasters cased
by the variability of climatic conditions (mostly by precipitations) in the years 1996 and 1997, their temporal and spatial distributions and the way they affected human life. The mentioned period shows 2 distinct intervals : December 1996 - March 1997 (mass
Based on the hazard harmfulness data collected from historical records and data collected from entities affected by this hazard in 2010, a comprehensive analysis of the 18 indexes of snow disaster on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was conducted
, encompassing the hazard harmfulness, the amount of physical exposure the hazard-bearing entities face, the sensitivity to the hazard, and the capacity to respond to the disaster. Overall, the risk of snow disaster in high-altitude areas of the central Qinghai
The processes of desertization and desertification especially under condition of climatic deterioration in the Chad Basin Region have been found to precipitate natural disasters. These have led to repeated crop failures as well as the loss
Depuis quarante ans, la Chine a fait de gros efforts pour développer son agriculture et nourrir le cinquième de l'humanité sur 7% des terres émergées. Mais le climat impose une grande diversité spatiale des productions, ainsi qu'une variabilité
Applied climatology ; Atmospheric circulation ; Climate ; Climate classification ; Climatichazard ; France ; Freezing ; Local climate ; Northern France ; Vinegrowing area
Années 1961-2007 ; Circulation atmosphérique ; Classification des climats ; Climat ; Climat local ; Climatologie appliquée ; France ; France du Nord ; Gel ; Risque climatique ; Vignoble
L’étude du climat à l’échelle d’un terroir viticole nécessite une démarche scientifique prenant en compte l’imbrication des échelles spatio-temporelles du zonal au local. Dans cet article est présentée la méthodologie pour étudier le climat à
l’échelle régionale dans les vignobles de la partie nord de la France. Les méthodes de classification des types de climat de Köppen et des circulations de Hess-Brezowsky ont été appliquées pour les stations du réseau national français de Saumur, Colmar